2. Conditions/Diseases of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems

3. Bones become thinner and weaker with age Osteoperosis begins between ages 30 and 40 Women lose 8% of bone mass per decade, men 3% Clinical Conditions Osteoporosis

4. Scoliosis Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine “S” shaped Occurs most often in the thoracic region Most common during adolescence and girls are more prone to developing the condition If muscles on one side of the body are not functioning properly, those on the opposite side tug on the spine and force it out of alignment Treated with body braces or surgically before the growth period ends to prevent permanent deformity or breathing difficulties

6. Clinical Conditions Gigantism Childhood hyper secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes excessive growth. Pituitary dwarfism Growth hormone deficiency in children resulting in extremely short long bones and maximum stature of 4 feet.

7. Fractures - A break in the bone Closed – bone breaks cleanly Open – the broken bone ends have broken through the skin Greenstick – bone splits and bends, does not break (seen only in children)

9. Spiral fractures Figure 6–16 (4 of 9)

10. Figure 6–16 (6 of 9) Colles’ fracture

11. Figure 6–16 (7 of 9) Greenstick fracture

12. Comminuted fractures

13. Figure 6–16 (9 of 9) Compression fractures

14. Depression fracture of the skull

15. Fixing an Open Fracture Video 2

16. Symptoms of Fractures Swelling PAIN/Tenderness Deformity – unnatural angle or position Bruising/discoloration Inability to move body part - bear weight Grating sound - squeaking Exposed fragments Sometimes no symptoms

17. Sprains - An injury to a ligament Mild (1 st degree) – overstretched ligament Moderate (2 nd degree)– partial tear Severe (3 rd degree) – complete tear

18. Ankle Sprains

19. Symptoms of Sprains Swelling Tenderness Pain in motion Bruising/discoloration Joint laxity

20. Strains - An injury to a muscle/tendon Symptoms: Swelling Tenderness Pain Bruising Deformity

21. More conditions Tendonitis – inflammation of the tendon

22. Examples of Strains

23. Definition A skeletal joint is a point at which two bones meet. This is sometimes called an articulation.

25. DislocationsDislocations - Displacement of the bone The joint is pushed beyond its normal range of motion Symptoms: Deformity of joint Severe pain Swelling around joint Bruising Inability to move injured area

27. More Conditions Bursitis – inflammation of the sac (bursa) near the joint Bursa – small sac containing fluid that lies between tendons and bones

28. Arthritis - Inflammation in and around the joint 100 different types; most common disease in the world Symptoms Joint stiffness Pain on movement Local weakness Swelling

29. First Aid R – rest I - ice C - compression E - elevation