1. IOS110 Introduction to Operating Systems using Windows Session 10 1

2. Objectives: Backups

3. DRP – Disaster Recovery Planning 3 Terminology

4. Backups

5. Why? What is disk mirroring? Disk stripping with parity? Are these a good backup strategy? 5 Backups

6. WinXP Tools for Backups Backup files and folders Backup system state data Schedule a backup Restore files, folders and system state data Restore Active Directory Services (on Win2K /.NET PDC/BDC) New Features for WinXP Backups Volume Shadow copies Automated System Recovery (ASR) Backup Job a Backup job consists of: jobs sets Use scheduler or perform backups manually 6 Backups

7. Permissions All users can backup their own files and folders If a user has read permission on a folder or file, they can back it up All users can restore files and folders for which they have write permission The Administrators, Backup Operators, Power Users and Server Operators groups can back up and restore files, irrespective of the permissions assigned to them and the files and folders. These groups possess the “Backup files and directories” and “Restore files and directories” permissions 7 Backups

8. Backup Types 5 standard backup types: Normal (or Full Backup) Copy Differential Incremental Daily TypeBacks upArchive Bit Normalselected files and foldersCleared Copyselected files and foldersNot Cleared Differentialselected files and folders changed since last backupNot Cleared Incrementalselected files and folders changed since last backupCleared Dailyselected files and folders changed during the dayNot Cleared 8 Backups

9. Backup Scope Your personal computer at work You are responsible for many computers (e.g. server farm) Will backups be performed to one machine with the backup media attached? Active Directory – you must backup on the machine where the registry and directory services reside Backup Scheduling Determine how often users create / modify data -empirical / speculative Best performed when server is quiescent Notify users when a backup is going to start (email, or Console Message) Backup Content Mission critical files regularly Files that change infrequently, backup periodically Never backup constantly changing temporary files – no value in a restore 9 Backups Frequency of changing data Frequency of Backups

10. Backup Media Tape drives Disk Volumes Removable Disks Network shares CD / DVD Tape Libraries Jaz Iomega ZIP Peerless Is it fast? Can it store all that you need it to? (including future growth) Is it reliable? Backup Personnel Not human nature If not using a central backup scheme, then each PC needs to be visited to be backed up 10 Backups

11. Backup Examples Backups are time consuming Trade off between time to perform backup vs. time to restore system Possible scenarios: You need to restore your data rapidly, but only want to do a full backup once a week You want to do a full backup only once a week, and minimize the time required to do backups at other times Your company's data is extremely important and its loss would likely put the company out of business. 11 Backups

12. Backups and WinXP Wizard exists to lead you through a backup Can be scheduled – uses ntbackup.exe, see text for options available to ntbackup.exe Protect System State Data System state is a group of files and databases that define how your computer is configured Includes Registry Component Services Class Registration database Boot files, including system start up files Files protected by Windows File Protection Performance counter configuration information System state can consume as much as 200MB Include / Exclude Data Recommendation is to backup applications as well as their data due to level of customization in an application. It will be faster to restore from backup than to re-install. Files/Folders can be explicitly excluded from a backup (pagefile.sys, temp folders etc.) 12 Backups

13. Best Practices There should be 3 copies of the backup media, and you should store one of these off-site in case of fire or some other calamity You should store all backup media, whether on-site or off-site in a secure area Backup an entire volume using the normal backup procedure Put in place a trial restore program to ensure that the backup media contain valid copies of your data Ensure the users who have been assigned backup and restore duties have the appropriate rights to perform these tasks and are well versed on both procedures Whenever you are going to make changes to the registry, you should backup your system state beforehand 13 Backups

14. Media Rotation The management of the media used for backup, from first use to final archival or destruction Considerations: Make sure the most recent backup will be quickly available in the event of a disaster Make sure older copies of backups that are archived will be available long enough to satisfy any business or legal requirements Make sure you are never depending on just one backup set of data that may need to be restored Make sure you store backup copies of crucial data at multiple physical sites 14 Backups

15. Media Rotation Examples Single tape with weekly archives Tapes 2 and 3 are normal backups that are archived Tape 1 is recycled day after day – it runs the risk of wearing out and should have a limit on its number of uses before being destroyed 15 Backups 1 Week 1 Week 2 MondayTuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday 1112 11113 1 1 11 11 111 111

16. Media Rotation Examples Multiple tapes Friday's normal backup are always archived Tapes 1 through 4 are recycled – append the data if possible, otherwise replace the data Again, tapes 1 though 4 are susceptible to wearing out 16 Backups 1 Week 1 Week 2 MondayTuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday 2345 12346

17. Media Rotation Annual Model It may be reasonable to model the backup rotation on the fiscal calendar. You store the computer-based information that same way that the financial department stores paper-based information Easy to coordinate the storage for business and legal rules Assuming one tape will backup all the data (for a PC or a server) Backup#tapes 1 year end backup1 12 monthly backups12 4 quarterly backups4 5 weekly backups5 6 daily backups for 5 weeks30 ====== 52 tapes Label the tapes (SYSTEM1 – Monday, SYSTEM1 – Weekly 4,...) 17 Backups

18. Restore

19. Restoring Data Can use the “Backup or Restore Wizard” to assist A Backup Set is a collection files and folders from a single volume that a single backup job backs up Restore uses these sets, and restore one volume at a time This is were a well organized backup process with properly labelled tapes (or backup media) and a rehearsed restore procedure pay off. 19 Restore

20. Automated System Recovery ASR is an advanced option of WinXP Replaces “Emergency Repair Disk” from earlier versions Two components: ASR Backup ASR Restore Can be used to restore your operating system to to the state when the ASR backup was performed This is to be used when all methods of starting your computer fail This is not a replacement for normal backups as no application/application data is backed up ASR Backup Wizard guides you through process Creates a backup on removable media Requires a floppy disk to save your systems settings to ASR Restore A text-mode process that uses: WinXP Setup the floppy disk from ASR Backup the removable media from ASR Backup 20 Restore