1. Ecology

2. The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings.

3. Biosphere Combined portions of the planet in which all life exists (land, water, air, organisms)

4. BIOME Group of ecosystems that have the same climate, similar soil and distinctive plants and animals See textbook pp. 98-104 HANDOUT: Biome Group Project

5. Ecosystem BIOTA Organisms Animals Plants Fungi bacteria ABIOTA nonliving environment Soil Air water

6. Ecosystems of the World

7. Communities Groups of populations living in the same area Like these desert animals

8. Populations Groups of individuals all of the same species EX: All the Long-nosed Leopard Lizards of the Mojave Desert

9. Species Group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring EX: All of the Long-nosed Leopard Lizards of the world

10. Satellite Imaging Satellite photo showing new deforestation and fires in Matto Grosso, Brazil (August 2002)

11. Flooding in New Orleans

12. Chlorophyll Content

13. Leaf Area

14. Energy Flow Sunlight is the main source of energy for life on Earth.

15. Chemosynthetic Organisms Some organisms rely of inorganic chemicals rather than the sun for energy. All bacteria, manufacture carbohydrates and other organic molecules from the oxidization of sulfates or ammonia.

16. Chemosynthetic Microbes

17. Autotrophs Organisms that use sunlight to produce energy. Use inorganic compounds to make organic molecules. PLANTS Also called PRODUCERS

18. Photosynthesis Process by which autotrophs harness sunlight in a chemical reaction to change inorganic compounds into energy-rich carbohydrates and oxygen.

19. Heterotrophs Organisms that rely on energy from other organisms Also called CONSUMERS

20. Types of Consumers Herbivores – eat only plants Carnivores – eat animals Omnivores – eat both plants and animals Detritivores – feed on animal remains and dead matter Decomposers – break down organic matter

21. Decomposers

22. Herbivores

23. Carnivores

24. Detritivores Spaghetti worms have tentacles range out from a burrow in rock or sediment to collect the small particulate detritus that the worm feeds on. amphipods tearing plant debris and organic detritus into "bite sized" pieces and eating it

25. Omnivores

27. Food Chain Desert Food Chain Video (DesertUSA) Energy flows from the sun or inorganic compounds in one direction to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs (comsumers).

28. Food Chain Simulation Sunny Meadows

29. Producers? Consumers?

30. Food Web: links all the food chains of an ecosystem together

32. Trophic Level Each step of a food chain or food web

33. Ecological Pyramid Note that only 10% of the energy is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level

35. Biomass Pyramid Amount of tissue in a trophic level

36. Biomass Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level

37. Pyramid of Numbers