1. Post-classical Russia

2. The Rise of Russia Growth of Kiev During Roman times, the Slavs expanded into Russia. Organized into clans The Varangians (Vikings) used Russian rivers to increase trade. At the heart of this network was Kiev, the center of the first Russian state.

3. Технология PLC применительно к России может решать только проблему «последнего дюйма». Поэтому по-прежнему успех в продвижении технологии напрямую зависит от технических возможностей (разветвленности инфраструктуры) оператора связи. В любом случае необходимо строить или арендовать «последнюю милю» от узла доступа оператора Byzantine Influences Two Greek monks (Cyril) adapted the Greek language to translate the Bible. This became Russian writing In 957, Princess Olga of Kiev converted to Byz. Christianity. Her grandson Vladimir helped spread it and the Russians copied many Byzantine ways. The Russian Orthodox Church eventually became very powerful. Cyrillic (Russian) Text

4. Kiev enjoyed a golden age under Yaroslav the Wise. (1019 – 1054) Written law code Translated important works into Russian Married his children into European royalty Russia declined after him and was invaded by the Mongols.

5. Mongol Conquest Genghis Khan (World Emperor) from central Asia invaded from China to Eastern Europe Batu, his grandson, invaded Russia, and the Golden Horde ruled Russia for the next 240 years. Russian princes were allowed to rule as long as they paid heavy tribute to the Mongols. Genghis Khan Batu Khan

6. Mongol Influences Absolute power Heavy taxes Women became subservient. It cut Russia off from western Europe which was becoming more advanced.

7. Moscow Takes the Lead During the Mongol period, the princes of Moscow gained power. Location on river trade routes Head of the R.O. Church made it his capital. They rallied other Russians and defeated the Golden Horde in 1380. The driving force was Ivan the Great who recovered Russian lands. He took the title Czar, & became absolute ruler. Married the Byzantine Emperor’s niece.

8. Shaping Eastern Europe A Diverse Mix of People The geography made for easy migration. A cultural crossroad Now includes many languages and cultures The Balkans were mostly Slavs. Had strong influences from the Byzantines & both Catholic sides The Ottomans invaded in the 1300s and spread Islam.

9. Jewish Settlements In the late Middle Ages, E. Europe was a refuge for Jews during the crusades and after the black death. Monarchs from England, France, & Spain also expelled Jews. Polish kings practiced toleration. Kazimierz IV JagiellończykKazimierz IV Jagiellończyk of Poland confirmed and extended Jewish charters in the second half of the fifteenth century