1. ULTRASOUND BY; NIDHI PATEL Period 3 November 22, 2010

2. What is an ultrasound? Ultrasound- is a procedure that uses high- frequency sound waves to view internal organs and produce images of the human body. The technical term for ultrasound imaging is sonography.

3. Ultrasound technology was originally developed as sonar to track submarines during World War I. It was first used medically in the 1950s and is considered very safe. The original ultrasound scanners produced still images, but modern scanners produce moving pictures, which are easier to interpret.

6. Who discovered it? It took many people to discover ultrasound. One person made a plan, and then it was followed by many other individuals. William Nelson Beck, of Joliet, IL, was the man who invented ultrasound.

7. How was it discovered? Radiation scanning is harmful to humans. So a group of scientists and physicians came together to discover a safer way to scan human bodies. And that resulted in Ultra Sound

8. How does it work? You should wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing for your ultrasound exam. You may need to remove all clothing and jewelry in the area to be examined. You may be asked to wear a gown during the procedure. Other preparation depends on the type of examination you will have. For some scans your doctor may instruct you not to eat or drink for as many as 12 hours before your appointment. For others you may be asked to drink up to six glasses of water two hours prior to your exam and avoid urinating so that your bladder is full when the scan begins.

9. Where is it used or available? Almost all hospitals have ultrasound scanners because this procedures are usually preferred before radiation scans. Some physical therapy clinics can also have ultrasound scanners

10. Why is it ordered? Usually when women are 12-13 months pregnant they are able to get ultrasounds to figure out the babies sex. Ultrasound is used to help physicians evaluate symptoms such as: – pain – swelling – infection

11. Ultrasound is also used to: guide procedures such as needle biopses, in which needles are used to extract sample cells from an abnormal area for laboratory testing. image the breasts and to guide biopsy of breast cancer. diagnose a variety of heart conditions and to assess damage after a heart attack or diagnose for valvular heart disease.

13. What does the equipment look like? The transducer is a small hand-held device that resembles a microphone, attached to the scanner by a cord. The transducer sends out high frequency sound waves into the body and then listens for the returning echoes from the tissues in the body. The ultrasound image is immediately visible on a nearby video display screen that looks much like a computer or television monitor.

14. What to expect? After you are positioned on the examination table, the radiologist or sonographer will apply some warm water- based gel on your skin and then place the transducer firmly against your body, moving it back and forth over the area of interest until the desired images are captured. There is usually no discomfort from pressure as the transducer is pressed against the area being examined. If scanning is performed over an area of tenderness, you may feel pressure or minor pain from the transducer. If a Doppler ultrasound study is performed, you may actually hear pulse-like sounds that change in pitch as the blood flow is monitored and measured.

15. Benefits vs. risks? Benefits Most ultrasound scanning is noninvasive (no needles or injections) and is usually painless. Ultrasound is widely available, easy-to-use and less expensive than other imaging methods. Ultrasound imaging does not use any ionizing radiation. Ultrasound scanning gives a clear picture of soft tissues that do not show up well on x-ray images. Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis and monitoring of pregnant women and their unborn babies.

16. Risks For standard diagnostic ultrasound there are no known harmful effects on humans.

18. FUN FACT DID YOU KNOW that if the scanner (usually an ultra sound technician) while getting an ultrasound, sees a ‘problem’ he/she isnt allowed to tell the patient. The scanner must tell the doctor or radiologist and only they can tell the patient.

19. 3 questions 1.What is the technical term for ultrasound imaging? 2. how much longer after conception are pregnant mothers able to figure out their babies sex? 3.What is a small hand-held device that resembles a microphone, attached to the scanner by a cord?

20. Answers: 1.Sonography 2.12-13 weeks! 3.A transducer

21. Sources: 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultras onographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultras onography 2.http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?p g=genushttp://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?p g=genus 3.http://www.medicinenet.com/ultrasound/ar ticle.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/ultrasound/ar ticle.htm