1. Is an ecosystem more than a list of its parts?

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Figure 9.3 9-4 Greenhouse Diagram - Energy Loss

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

7.  Are the data correct?  Is the model system complete?  Are the links correct?  Do we properly understand the dynamic influences on how materials flow among the parts?

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Figure 9.1 9-1 Source: Data from Dave Keeling and Tim Whorf, Scripps Institute of Oceanography.

11.  Climate skeptics: “Most emission of carbon and methane is from natural sources, so human activity cannot be responsible for increases in carbon dioxide.”  What do you think about this claim?

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Temperature/120 yrs ago

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Temperature/1,000 yrs ago Figure 9.11c

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Temperature/10,000 yrs ago

17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Temperature/900,000 yrs ago Figure 9.11a 9-11 Source: Data from National Climate Data Center/NESDIS/NOAA, 1998.

18.  How does climate affect ecosystems?  How do ecosystem responses alter “ecosystem services”?

19.  Global scale  Is the carbon cycle responsible for changes in global climate?  How will warming influence major ecosystem cycles?  Landscape scale  What good is “ecosystem X”?  How many components (diversity) are needed to provide ecosystem services?

20.  Bruce E. Johnson (Z Magazine, 2002)  Lloyd’s of London executive is more worried about global warming than terrorism – why?  What are the major potential changes?

21.  Question: how will ANWR respond to global warming?  Identify the materials most important to the overall question [hint: focus on carbon]  Identify the relevant “compartments”  Indicate a hypothesis about how these materials move among compartments  Indicate possible important influences on those exchanges