3.  A) the study of behavior and mental processes.  B) the study of behavior.  C) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.  D) the science of behavior and consequences.

4.  A) knowledge is something we are born with.  B) knowledge is something taught and learned.  C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.  D) the mind is the activity of the brain.

5.  A) Socrates  B) Plato  C) Descartes  D) Aristotle

6.  A) Plato  B) Bacon  C) Aristotle  D) Descartes

7.  A) Bacon  B) Locke  C) Descartes  D) Plato

8.  A) Wilhelm Wundt.  B) Sigmund Freud.  C) John Locke.  D) B.F. Skinner.

9.  A) the experimental method  B) cause-and-effect relationships  C) introspection  D) psychoanalysis

10.  A) John Locke  B) Charles Darwin  C) Sigmund Freud  D) Francis Bacon

11.  A) being the first female president of the APA.  B) being a leading proponent of structuralism.  C) being the first female graduate student, thanks to Titchner.  D) all of the above.

12.  A) Washburn.  B) Titchner.  C) Wundt.  D) James.

13.  A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.  B) dismissal of introspection.  C) definition of psychology as the study of behavior and mental processes.  D) study of cognitive neuroscience.

14.  A) biological.  B) psychological.  C) psychoanalytical.  D) social-cultural.

15.  A) social-cultural  B) neuroscience  C) evolutionary  D) biological

16.  A) nature works on what nature endows.  B) learning is far more important than genetics.  C) genetics is far more important than learning.  D) we are born with a blank slate until learning occurs.

17.  A) neuroscience  B) evolutionary  C) cognitive  D) psychodynamic

18.  A) counseling psychologist.  B) clinical psychologist.  C) personality psychologist.  D) developmental psychologist.

19.  A) clinical psychologist  B) neuropsychologist  C) psychiatrist  D) all of the above

20.  A) industrial/organizational psychologist.  B) clinical psychologist.  C) social psychologist.  D) cognitive psychologist.

21.  A) applied research.  B) academic research.  C) basic research.  D) theoretical research.

22.  A) Biological Psychology.  B) Cognitive Psychology.  C) Personality Psychology.  D) Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

23.  A) survey, question, review, read, reflect.  B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.  C) survey, question, read, reorganize, regurgitate.  D) study, question, re-study, re-read, review.

24.  A) short-term memory is more accurate than long-term memory.  B) studying right before the test is better than the day before.  C) spaced practice is more effective.  D) as long as he follows the SQ3R model, he should do fine.

25.  A) asking questions.  B) write down main ideas.  C) thinking about what is being said.  D) all of the above.

26.  A) cover the answers first.  B) weigh the potential of each answer.  C) eliminate the wrong answers first.  D) imagine how each answer could be the right one.

27.  A) Sigmund Freud  B) William James  C) John Locke  D) Wilhelm Wundt

28.  A) Learning  B) Free Will  C) Biological Instincts  D) Unconscious Experiences

29.  A) Psychoanalytic  B) Humanistic  C) Cognitive  D) Unconscious Experiences

30.  A) Powerful unconscious impulses that motivate behavior  B) Formation and modification of schemas  C) Impact of rewards and punishments  D) Social norms that determine behavior

31.  A) Cultural differences impact the rate that individuals reach self-actualization  B) Self-actualization will always precede the meeting of needs for esteem  C) Women are more likely to reach self- actualization than men  D) Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self- actualization

32.  A) Humanistic  B) Cognitive  C) Evolutionary  D) Behavioral

33.  A) It’s rooted in Freud’s view of the importance of early experiences  B) It was formulated to account for cognitive development  C) It holds that development is largely a product of learning  D) It emphasizes the dominance of heredity over environment

34.  A) Counseling psychology  B) Experimental psychology  C) Human factors psychology  D) Industrial-organizational psychology

35.  A) John Locke  B) John Watson  C) Charles Darwin  D) B.F. Skinner

36.  A) Counseling psychology  B) Experimental psychology  C) Clinical psychology  D) Developmental psychology

37.  A) reactions to sensory stimulation.  B) learning and memory.  C) personality development.  D) association and generalization.

38.  A) structuralist.  B) functionalist.  C) psychoanalyst.  D) behaviorist.

39.  A) Margaret Floy Washburn  B) Mary Whiton Calkins  C) Margaret Washington  D) Rosalie Rayner

40.  A) Watson  B) Piaget  C) Titchner  D) Wundt

41.  A) Freud  B) James  C) Watson  D) Wundt

42.  A) Albert Bandura  B) Carl Rogers  C) G. Stanley Hall  D) Cecil Sumner

43. 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.D 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.A 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. BCCBDDCDCBCCBDDCDC 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. CABBABCCABBABC