1. Energy and Environment National Science Foundation Directorate for Engineering Judy Raper and Usha Varshney

2. 2 Outline  Global need  NSF investments  Engineering Directorate  Programs and initiatives  Typical projects

3. 3 Daily Oil Production Source: Chicago Tribune

4. 4 Daily Oil Consumption

5. 5 Energy Demand An Escalating Concern  Energy consumption has soared over the past 50 years, tripling in the United States, and demand is predicted to escalate.  Global energy consumption in 2004 averaged 14.5 terawatts. By the year 2030 that consumption is expected to increase to 23 terawatts. Energy Consumption by Fuel 1980-2030, DOE Annual Energy Outlook 2006 Billion Metric Tons

6. 6 NSF Investments  From $20 million in FY 2003, to $53 million in FY 2005  FY05 Investments  Individual Principal Investigators (19)  Multidisciplinary teams, NIRT (14)  Centers (2)  CalTech - Materials Science and Hydrogen Storage  University of South Carolina - Fuel Cell Research  Major facilities and instrumentation (16)  Education grants (11)  SBIR/STTR (39)  CAREER (24)  GOALI (6)  SGER (15)

7. 7 ENG: Energy Related Programs and PDs  Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental & Transport Processes (CBET)  Environmental Sustainability (Cindy Lee)  Energy for Sustainability (Vacant)  Civil, Mechanical,& Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI)  Geoenvironmental and Geohazard Mitigation (Rick Fragaszy)  Service Enterprise Engineering (Matthew Realff)  Electrical, Communications & Cyber Systems (ECCS)  Power and Energy Systems and Networks (Vacant)

8. 8 Future Impact  Continue to Support Proposals for Alternative Energy  Environment Friendly  Reduce Air Pollution  Cost Effective  Monetary  Planetary  Power and Energy Systems and Networks  Interdependencies of Power and Energy on Critical Infrastructures  Power Drives  Sustainable Energy Production  Solar: new materials, devices, systems and manufacturing processes for photovoltaics  Wind: fundamental understanding of wind with the blade structure

9. 9 Future Impact  Sustainable Energy Production (continued)  Hydrogen: hydrogen from biomass  Renewable and Alternate Energy Sources  Fuel Cells  Low temperature systems: new membrane materials for increased durability  High temperature systems: new solid electrolyte materials  Paradigm Shift on Energy Use  Education  Incentives

10. 10 Typical Projects and Ideas  Multiple Power Converter Systems  Hydrogen-Electric Power Park  Solar Powered Cell Tower Generator  Ocean Electric Energy Extraction  Multiple-Dye Luminescent Solar Concentrators  Efficient Organic Solar Cells  Solar-Thermal-Electric Power Generation  Reverse Selective Membrane for Hydrogen Purification  Cathodic Reaction in PEM Fuel Cells  New Sorbents for Ultrapurification of Transportation Fuels Ralph T. Yang, U Michigan Umit S. Ozkan, Ohio State U Benny D. Freeman, UT Austin

11. 11 Questions