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Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits David A. Robinson Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ NOAA Climate Data.

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Presentation on theme: "Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits David A. Robinson Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ NOAA Climate Data."— Presentation transcript:

1 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits David A. Robinson Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ NOAA Climate Data Record Annual Meeting Use Cases and Applications Discussion Ashville, North Carolina | August 5, 2015 Research supported by Global Science and Technology, Inc. at NOAA NCEI Session D

2 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG  Almost 50 years of satellite continental snow extent monitoring  Snow extent variability and trends  - focus on spring  Applications and societal benefits  The future

3 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Rutgers Global Snow Lab: snowcover.org

4 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Snow Cover Extent CDR Description

5 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG NOAA Visible Weekly SCE Climate Data Record Weekly chartsDigitizationDaily IMS Nov 1966 Oct 1972 May 1975 1980-81 1990s May 1999 ESSA, NOAA, GOES Series Weekly 190 km Digitized METEOSAT & GMS added Reanalysis of 1966-71 1988-89 Feb 1997 Feb 2004 IMS 24 kmIMS 4 km Interactive Multisensor Snow & Ice Mapping System Dec 2014 IMS 1 km

6 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG NH SCE CDR simplified processing flow diagram  Binary (snow / no snow) over NH land surface  88 × 88 Cartesian grid on polar stereographic projection  190.6 km resolution at 60°N  Weekly temporal resolution  October 4, 1966–present  October 1966–May 1999: primarily visible satellite imagery from multiple instruments  After May 1999: Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS)  SCE derived from multiple sources by trained analysts NOAA Visible Weekly SCE Climate Data Record Specifications Inputs to CDR

7 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG MODIS: February 12, 2010

8 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG April 8, 2007 April 8, 2003

9 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG

10 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Northern Hemisphere Continental Snow Cover 29 January 2007

11 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Northern Hemisphere Continental Snow Cover 10 January 2012 Departure (blue: positive; red: negative) Extent

12 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Northern Hemisphere Continental Snow Cover January 2012 ExtentDeparture (blue: positive; tan: negative)

13 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Variability and Trends

14 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG NH SCE 1966-2015 Departures derived from 1981-2010 mean

15 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG NH Spring (MAM) Snow Cover Extent

16 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG NH Spring (MAM) SCE Departures Departures derived from 1981-2010 mean

17 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Documentation of Earlier and More Extensive Spring Snow Melt March 2015 Departure from Normal

18 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG SCE: 25 March 2012 versus 2013 Extent of snow cover across the U.S. and southern Canada on March 25, 2012 and March 25, 2013, showing exceedingly more snow cover on this date in 2012. Areas in white were snow covered on this date in both years. Those in yellow were snow covered in 2012 but not in 2013. Grey areas were snow covered in 2013 but not in 2013. Also shown (red line) is the average extent of snow cover on this date for the period 1999-2013. Data are gleaned from NOAA Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System maps.

19 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Swings from most to least extensive SCEs occurring within months Departures Feb 2010May 2010 3 rd most extensive1 st least extensive

20 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG May NH Snow Extent Anomalies: 1967-2014 May 2013 Departure from 1981-2010 Mean

21 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG May 2013 SCE Anomaly May 2013 SCE Anomaly

22 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG June NH Snow Extent Anomalies: 1967-2014 June 2013 Departure from 1981-2010 Mean

23 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Trends 10 6 km 2 (100 yr) -1 March 1922-2010-3.24* 1970-2010-7.26* * sig at 0.05 level April 1922-2010-4.72* 1970-2010-8.30* * sig at 0.05 level Trend analysis including the annual error estimates showed that NH spring SCE has decreased significantly since 1922 and that the rate of decrease has approximately doubled since 1970 (Brown and Robinson 2011) Spring SCE: 1922-2010

24 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Issues Warranting Consideration  Local, regional, hemispheric:  Timing of season  Length of season  Average and extreme depth  Average and extreme snow water equivalent  Associated impacts  Physical  Societal

25 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Pursuing Answers  Ongoing/improved monitoring  in situ  Satellite  Integrated  Change detection/attribution investigations  Ongoing assessments of snow cover within the system  data and model driven  Cooperation with social scientists

26 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Applications and Societal Benefits

27 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG User Communities  Weather and hydrologic forecasting  Climate research: various sectors  Planning and monitoring:  Commerce, engineering, agriculture  Travel, recreation, wildlife

28 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Large Scale Snow Cover Information at Work  Snow cover and hydroclimate studies  Snow-atmosphere studies  Snow-sea ice studies  Seasonal cycle analysis  Forced model simulations  Model intercomparison/validation  Studying long-term climate changes  Initializing weather prediction models  Estimating snow melt runoff  Analyzing surface albedo

29 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Societal Benefits  Planning and monitoring  Other

30 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG  U.S. Global Change Research Program (GCRP), 2014 National Climate Assessment  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), State of the Climate in 2014  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Climate Change Indicators in the United States Monitoring and Assessment

31 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG  Applied Research  Numerous peer reviewed publications  Snow ablation characteristics and melt–discharge relationships in the Columbia River Basin Applied Research

32 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG  NOAA Global Climate Dashboard  National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Satellite Observations of Arctic Change  NSIDC Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis  News media stories Media and Public Outreach

33 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Snow ablation characteristics and melt–discharge relationships in the Columbia River Basin  Information  Other

34 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Snow ablation characteristics and melt–discharge relationships in the Columbia River Basin 04 km IMS dailyUSGS GTOPO30 Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) North American Environmental Atlas

35 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Source: Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) North American Environmental Atlas Projection: NAD27 / UTM zone 11N Overview

36 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Elevation Source: USGS GTOPO30

37 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Snow Extent Source: 04 km IMS daily

38 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Source: 04 km IMS daily Snow Extent

39 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Summing up…  Why is it so important to know where snow lies?  A critical component of the climate system  A means of means of monitoring climate variability and change  Almost 50 years of satellite snow cover monitoring has been achieved  NOAA visible SCE maps the workhorse  Valuable contributions from other satellite sources  Large-scale NH SCE over almost 50 years:  Has declined during spring over Eurasia and North America (perhaps back to 1922)  Shows significant declines during the past 10 years in May and June  Shows no notable long-term change in fall or winter

40 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Future Improvements

41 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG  Mark the 50th anniversary of the longest satellite- based record of any environmental variable  Highlights of plans include redesigned website  Improved production system for weekly updates  Change Request (CR) pending to further refine netCDF and bring NH SCE CDR to v01r02  Ongoing research efforts in house and in cooperation with others for a variety of climatological, hydrological and other purposes 50 years of NH SCE satellite monitoring

42 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG  Operational since November 1998  24 km resolution at 60°N  Daily temporal resolution  Bring IMS SCE output up to CDR standards 17 years of operational IMS output

43 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Summing up…  The loss of spring snow cover is similar to the loss of late summer Arctic sea ice extent

44 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Thanks Dave Robinson  david.robinson@rutgers.edu  snowcover.org NASA/GSFC/Suomi NPP White Marble 26 May 2012

45 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Snow cover data for all! A new snow cover extent climate data record  Assess compliance of current NH snow cover products over land, sea ice and the Greenland ice sheet with NRC Climate Data Record (CDR) characteristics  Fuse data records to develop enhanced CDRs of NH snow conditions  CDRs and associated products available to the user community via the NASA Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at the National Snow and Ice Data Center

46 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Methodology  Individual snow sectors (continental, sea ice, and Greenland) are produced, then fused into hemispheric products  Aggregated products are output in EASE-Grid version 2.0 at 25km and 100km resolutions  Output in netCDF files conform to Climatological Forecasting (CF) conventions

47 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Products at NSIDC – netCDF / CF format TitleYears Spatial Resolution Temporal Resolution Components NH Terrestrial Snow Daily 1999-201225kmDaily IMS, Passive Microwave, MODIS CGF NH Terrestrial Snow Weekly 1967-2012100kmWeekly NOAA Weekly, Passive Microwave Arctic Sea Ice Characterization 1979-201225kmDaily Sea Ice Extent, Ice Age, Melt Onset Greenland Surface Melt 1979-201225kmDailyPassive Microwave NH State of Cryosphere Daily 1999-201225kmDaily Snow and Ice Extent, State of Melt NH State of Cryosphere Weekly 1979-2012100kmWeekly Snow and Ice Extent, State of Melt

48 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Combined Product Examples MEaSUREs NH State of Cryosphere Merged Snow and Sea Ice Cover MEaSUREs NH State of Cryosphere Sea Ice and Greenland Status of Melt Onset

49 Snow Cover Extent CDR Applications and Societal Benefits GLOBAL SNOW LABSNOWCOVER.ORG Summing up…  The loss of spring snow cover is similar to the loss of late summer Arctic sea ice extent  A Northern Hemisphere snow cover climate data record over land and ice has been generated  Includes SCE over land, snow melt onset over Arctic sea ice and snow condition over Greenland  Available at the National Snow and Ice Data Center  Large-scale snow cover information at work  Snow cover and hydroclimate studies  Snow-atmosphere studies  Snow-sea ice studies  Seasonal cycle analysis  Forced model simulations  Model intercomparison/validation  Studying long-term climate changes  Initializing weather prediction models  Estimating snow melt runoff  Analyzing surface albedo

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