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Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines : C ontext and Development David Ogden Executive Coordinator Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention Stockholm Convention: Regional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines Buenos Aires, Argentina 14-16 March 2005
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Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs Goal is the continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination of total releases of chemicals in Annex C derived from anthropogenic sources (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs) Goal is the continuing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination of total releases of chemicals in Annex C derived from anthropogenic sources (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs) Parties must: Parties must: develop action plans within 2 years of entry into force, and implement their plansdevelop action plans within 2 years of entry into force, and implement their plans promote application of available, feasible and practical measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction or source eliminationpromote application of available, feasible and practical measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction or source elimination promote development and, where appropriate, require use of substitute or modified materials, products and processes to prevent formation and release of POPspromote development and, where appropriate, require use of substitute or modified materials, products and processes to prevent formation and release of POPs
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Unintentionally Produced POPs For sources with the potential for comparatively high formation & release of POPs to the environment (including but not limited to the industrial source categories listed in Annex C Part II), Parties must: For sources with the potential for comparatively high formation & release of POPs to the environment (including but not limited to the industrial source categories listed in Annex C Part II), Parties must: for new sources:for new sources: promote and, as provided for in an action plan, require use of best available techniques (BAT), promote and, as provided for in an action plan, require use of best available techniques (BAT), phase in any BAT requirements as soon as practicable but no later than 4 years after Convention enters into force, and phase in any BAT requirements as soon as practicable but no later than 4 years after Convention enters into force, and promote use of best environmental practices (BEP) promote use of best environmental practices (BEP) for existing sources, in accordance with its action plan, promote the use of BAT & BEPfor existing sources, in accordance with its action plan, promote the use of BAT & BEP
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Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs: Annex C Part II Sources (a)Waste incinerators, including co-incinerators of municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage sludge; (b)Cement kilns firing hazardous waste; (c)Production of pulp using elemental chlorine or chemicals generating elemental chlorine for bleaching; (d)The following thermal processes in the metallurgical industry: (i)Secondary copper production; (ii)Sinter plants in the iron and steel industry; (ii)Secondary aluminium production; (iii)Secondary zinc production
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Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs: Annex C Part III Parties must promote use of BAT & BEP for new and existing sources: Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites; Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites; Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry not mentioned in Part II; Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry not mentioned in Part II; Residential combustion sources; Residential combustion sources; Fossil fuel-fired utility and industrial boilers; Fossil fuel-fired utility and industrial boilers; Firing installations for wood and other biomass fuels; Firing installations for wood and other biomass fuels; Specific chemical production processes releasing unintentionally formed persistent organic pollutants, especially production of chlorophenols and chloranil; Specific chemical production processes releasing unintentionally formed persistent organic pollutants, especially production of chlorophenols and chloranil; Crematoria; Crematoria;
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Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs: Annex C Part III (continued) Motor vehicles, particularly those burning leaded gasoline;Motor vehicles, particularly those burning leaded gasoline; Destruction of animal carcasses;Destruction of animal carcasses; Textile and leather dyeing (with chloranil) and finishing (with alkaline extraction);Textile and leather dyeing (with chloranil) and finishing (with alkaline extraction); Shredder plants for the treatment of end of life vehicles;Shredder plants for the treatment of end of life vehicles; Smouldering of copper cables;Smouldering of copper cables; Waste oil refineries.Waste oil refineries.
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Best Available Techniques (BAT) "Best available techniques" means the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation which indicate the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing in principle the basis for release limitations designed to prevent and, where that is not practicable, generally to reduce releases of chemicals listed in Part I of Annex C and their impact on the environment as a whole… "Best available techniques" means the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation which indicate the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing in principle the basis for release limitations designed to prevent and, where that is not practicable, generally to reduce releases of chemicals listed in Part I of Annex C and their impact on the environment as a whole…
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Best Environmental Practices (BEP) "Best environmental practices" means the application of the most appropriate combination of environmental control measures and strategies. "Best environmental practices" means the application of the most appropriate combination of environmental control measures and strategies.
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Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs When applying best available techniques and best environmental practices for the above, Parties should take into consideration: When applying best available techniques and best environmental practices for the above, Parties should take into consideration: the general guidance on prevention and release reduction measures in Annex C andthe general guidance on prevention and release reduction measures in Annex C and guidelines on best available techniques and best environmental practices to be adopted by decision of the Conference of the Parties (see subparagraphs (d) and (e) of Article 5).guidelines on best available techniques and best environmental practices to be adopted by decision of the Conference of the Parties (see subparagraphs (d) and (e) of Article 5).
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Expert Group on BAT/BEP Mandate and terms of reference established at INC6 (2003): Mandate and terms of reference established at INC6 (2003): Manageable sizeManageable size Members to represent their regionsMembers to represent their regions Operate by consensusOperate by consensus 3 meetings authorized3 meetings authorized Experts selected by countries, countries selected by regional groups: Experts selected by countries, countries selected by regional groups: 18 from developing countries (5 Africa, 5 Asia, 5 GRULAC) and economies in transition (3)18 from developing countries (5 Africa, 5 Asia, 5 GRULAC) and economies in transition (3) 18 from developed countries (WEOG)18 from developed countries (WEOG) 4 from e-NGOs4 from e-NGOs 4 from i-NGOs4 from i-NGOs 2 from IGOs2 from IGOs
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EGB Members GRULAC: Argentina, Juan Carlos Colombo; Chile, Sergio Vives; Dominican Republic, Indhira de Jesus Salcado; Mexico, Cristina Cortinas de Nava; and Venezuela, Maria de los Angeles Alvarez GRULAC: Argentina, Juan Carlos Colombo; Chile, Sergio Vives; Dominican Republic, Indhira de Jesus Salcado; Mexico, Cristina Cortinas de Nava; and Venezuela, Maria de los Angeles Alvarez Africa: Algeria; Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria and Zambia Africa: Algeria; Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria and Zambia Asia/Pacific: Fiji; Iran (Islamic Rep. of); Mongolia, Saudi Arabia; and Singapore Asia/Pacific: Fiji; Iran (Islamic Rep. of); Mongolia, Saudi Arabia; and Singapore Eastern Europe: Kazakhstan, Poland and Serbia and Montenegro Eastern Europe: Kazakhstan, Poland and Serbia and Montenegro
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EBG members (continued) Western Europe and others: Australia; Austria; Canada; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany (2); Iceland; Italy; Japan; New Zealand; Republic of Korea; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States of America Western Europe and others: Australia; Austria; Canada; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany (2); Iceland; Italy; Japan; New Zealand; Republic of Korea; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States of America
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EGB observers IGOs: UNIDO and UNEP IGOs: UNIDO and UNEP Environmental NGOs: Greenpeace International; International POPs Elimination Network (2); and World- Wide Fund for Nature Environmental NGOs: Greenpeace International; International POPs Elimination Network (2); and World- Wide Fund for Nature Industry NGOs: International Council of Chemical Associations; International Council of Mining and Metals; The European Cement Association; and World Chlorine Council Industry NGOs: International Council of Chemical Associations; International Council of Mining and Metals; The European Cement Association; and World Chlorine Council
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Expert Group on BAT/BEP Meetings: Meetings: 10-14 March, 2003 (RTP, USA)10-14 March, 2003 (RTP, USA) 8-12 December, 2003(Villarrica, Chile)8-12 December, 2003(Villarrica, Chile) 11-16 October, 2004(Tokyo, Japan)11-16 October, 2004(Tokyo, Japan)
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Expert Group on BAT/BEP Additional material available to the Group included: Proceedings of regional workshop on BAT/BEP held in Bangkok, Thailand (13-15 March, 2002) Proceedings of regional workshop on BAT/BEP held in Bangkok, Thailand (13-15 March, 2002) Proceedings of regional workshop on BAT/BEP held in Buenos Aires, Argentina (23-25 October, 2002) Proceedings of regional workshop on BAT/BEP held in Buenos Aires, Argentina (23-25 October, 2002)
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Expert Group on BAT/BEP endorsed and reached consensus to forward the draft guidelines and guidance to the Conference of the Parties for consideration and possible adoption BUT endorsed and reached consensus to forward the draft guidelines and guidance to the Conference of the Parties for consideration and possible adoption BUT “…noted that while best available techniques and best environmental practices for many of the specific source categories were complete and very well advanced, others needed additional work….”“…noted that while best available techniques and best environmental practices for many of the specific source categories were complete and very well advanced, others needed additional work….” agreed to recommend that the Conference of the Parties adopt the draft guidelines and guidance on a provisional basis pending completion of any additional work agreed to recommend that the Conference of the Parties adopt the draft guidelines and guidance on a provisional basis pending completion of any additional work The final meeting in Tokyo:
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Expert Group on BAT/BEP The Expert Group also agreed that its report to the Conference of the Parties should reflect : The Expert Group also agreed that its report to the Conference of the Parties should reflect : developing country concerns on the socio- economic impact of applying best available techniques and the lack of capacity to do so,developing country concerns on the socio- economic impact of applying best available techniques and the lack of capacity to do so, the concurrent need for technical and financial assistance; andthe concurrent need for technical and financial assistance; and the need for further work to continue to develop the guidelines.the need for further work to continue to develop the guidelines.
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Expert Group on BAT/BEP With regard to developing country concerns, the Expert Group: With regard to developing country concerns, the Expert Group: agreed to recommend to the Conference of the Parties that it consider special support to these countries;agreed to recommend to the Conference of the Parties that it consider special support to these countries; noted the special concerns of African countries regarding the lack of waste management capacity; andnoted the special concerns of African countries regarding the lack of waste management capacity; and agreed to highlight this concern for urgent consideration by the Conference of Partiesagreed to highlight this concern for urgent consideration by the Conference of Parties
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Recommended Action by the Conference of the Parties The Conference of the Parties may wish to: The Conference of the Parties may wish to: Consider the report by the co-chairs of the Expert Group & the EGB’s draft guidelines & provisional guidance;Consider the report by the co-chairs of the Expert Group & the EGB’s draft guidelines & provisional guidance; Identify further work to be undertaken and determine the modalities for completing the work;Identify further work to be undertaken and determine the modalities for completing the work; Adopt for immediate use by Parties pending further development, and with any amendments, the draft guidelines and provisional guidance; andAdopt for immediate use by Parties pending further development, and with any amendments, the draft guidelines and provisional guidance; and Identify the modalities for the regular updating of the guidelines and provisional guidance.Identify the modalities for the regular updating of the guidelines and provisional guidance.
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Report by the Co-Chairs (Further Work) Clearinghouse mechanism/compendium Clearinghouse mechanism/compendium Special needs of developing countries Special needs of developing countries Additional Guidance material Additional Guidance material Emission limits/targets Emission limits/targets Monitoring Monitoring Policy (inclusion of sustainable development strategies) Policy (inclusion of sustainable development strategies)
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