1. Chapter 6 – The Second Industrial Revolution
Section 1 - The Age of Invention

2. The Age of Invention Industrial Innovations Steel
,000 tons $100/ton
,000,000 $12/ton
The Bessemer Process
Developed by Henry Bessemer in Great Britain and William Kelly in the US
Method of steel making that burned off the impurities in molten iron using a blast of hot air from a blast furnace
Helps usher in the Ind. Rev. - used in constructing railroads and rail cars, high rise buildings, bridges, nails, wire, and in machinery

3. Blast Furnace

4. Steel Mill 1

5. Steel Mill 2

6. Oil
Development of a process to refine oil was as important to industrialization as advances in steel production.
Edwin L. Drake – 1st to use a steam engine to drill for oil (Titusville, Penn.) – “Drakes Filly” produced 20 barrels of oil per day.
Elijah McCoy – the son of runaway slaves, invented a lubricating cup that fed oil to parts of a machine while it was running.
Received a patent – a guarantee to protect an inventors rights to make, use, and sell an invention

7. Transportation Railroads
Cheap steel/the Bessemer Process – significant impact on RR expansion
Rapid increase in RR lines led to a more efficient network of rail transportation
1st transcontinental RR finished in 1869
Central Pacific and Union Pacific RR’s joined in Promontory, Utah
George Westinghouse – developed a compressed air break – improved RR safety
RR’s increased western settlement and stimulated urban growth by making travel affordable and easy.
Railroad’s impact on the economy is immeasurable

8. Promontory Point Celebration

9. How did advancements in steel production effect the railroad industry
How did advancements in steel production effect the railroad industry? Write your response in your notebook.

10. The Horseless Carriage
Innovations in oil refining led Nikolaus A. Otto to invent the first internal combustion engine powered by gasoline in 1876.
1893 Charles and J. Frank Duryea used this engine to build the first practical motorcar or “horseless carriage”
Airplanes
Using the int. comb. engine, Orville and Wilbur Wright developed one of the first working airplanes
On Dec. 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, NC, Orville Wright flew the first powered plain for 12 seconds/ 120 feet

12. Communications Telegraph Telephone Typewriter
Samuel F.B. Morse developed the telegraph as a means of communicating over wires with electricity.
Business orders could be sent to distant locations in moments.
The telegraph grew in conjunction w/ the railroad.
Morse Code – dot-and-dash message code
Telephone
Patented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876
Early phones required operators to connect callers – many women filled these new jobs.
Typewriter
Developed by Christopher Sholes in 1867
Revolutionized communications
Jobs as typists offered women the opportunity to work a skilled position for the first time

13. Samuel F.B. Morse

15. Alexander Graham Bell

18. Edison and Menlo Park
Thomas Alva Edison – America’s most influential inventor – his inventions include
The electric vote recorder
The telegraphic stock ticker
The phonograph 1877
the light bulb 1879
He improved the telephone
Developed the first electric power plant (used Direct Current DC)
Opened a workshop in Menlo Park, NJ, where he assembled a team of researchers where he promised to deliver “a minor invention every ten days and a big thing every six months or so.”