1. Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy An Overview of the ORNL Nuclear Forensics Program June 18, 2009 Brad Patton

2. 2Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Common Nuclear Forensics Terms  IND – Improvised nuclear device  RDD – Radiological dispersion device  Radiological material – materials that could be used in a RDD (e.g., 60 Co, 137 Cs, 192 Ir, etc.)  Nuclear material – materials that can be used in an IND (e.g., 235 U, 239 Pu)  Pre-detonation (Pre-det) – material/device before detonation  Post-detonation (Post-det) – material/device after detonation

3. 3Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Isotopes of Greatest Concern 137 Cs 192 Ir 252 Cf 90 Sr 60 Co 241 Am 210 Po 244 Cm 239 Pu 238 Pu 235 U

4. 4Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Elements of Forensics Evidence  Traditional evidence (fingerprints, fibers, DNA, etc.)  Contaminated traditional evidence  Nuclear material evidence (nuclear forensics) Nuclear forensic only one portion of the total evidence and does not need to stand alone

5. 5Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Nuclear Forensic Process Field Measurement and Sample Selection Sample Receipt and Subsampling Laboratory Analysis Data Interpretation Existing Data and Tools Enhanced Data and Tools

6. 6Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Field Measurements and Sample Collection  Quantity material dispersed (RDD)  Major radioisotope dispersed  Sample collection and shipment to field laboratories

7. 7Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy ORNL Nuclear/Radiological Forensics Science Programs Intercepted Material or Post- Detonation Debris Laboratory Analysis (Laboratories/Techniques) Receipt and Subsampling ( Hot Cells) Data Interpretation (Knowledge Basis/Expertise) NRC Data Subject Matter Expertise Knowledge Base HEU Production Data Expertise Advanced Analytical Techniques New Signatures Isotope Source Production and Distribution Production Modeling Data Expertise

8. 8Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Sample Receipt and Subsampling  Package imaging  Bulk analysis (mass, specific activity, etc.)  Verify major radioisotope and minor (gamma spectroscopy)  Subsampling for laboratory analysis  Transfer to laboratories for detailed analysis

9. 9Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy  Analytical Chemistry Lab - to receive and prepare beta-gamma emitting radioisotopes ( 60 Co, 137 Cs, 192 Ir, 90 Sr, etc.) and to conduct a full spectrum of analyses  REDC – to receive and prepare actinide (alpha and neutron emitters) radioisotopes ( 241 Am, 252 Cf, 244 Cm, 210 Po, 238 Pu, 239 Pu, 235 U, etc.)  Fuels Examination Lab – metallurgical analysis of spent fuel and large sources ORNL Hot Cells and Glovebox Facilities for Handling Radioactive Materials of all Types

10. 10Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Laboratory Analysis (Laboratories/Techniques)  Alpha and gamma spectroscopy  Liquid scintillation for beta material  High precision mass spectrometry for measurement of RDD material isotopics and trace impurities  High precision mass spectrometry for measurement of U and Pu isotopics and trace impurities  Neutron activation analyses for non- destruction measurement

11. 11Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Radiochemical Analysis Capabilities and Protocols Thermo Finnigan Element 2 High resolution ICP-MS Thermo Elemental IRIS – ICP-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (glovebox containment)

12. 12Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Data Interpretation and Knowledge Base NRC Data Subject Matter Expertise Knowledge Base Material Production Data Expertise Isotope Source Production and Distribution Data Expertise  Production and processing expertise to interpret data  Material characteristics and links to processes  Knowledge of RDD materials characteristics and links to processing history  Age Dating to determine time since purification  Reactor models to predict signatures and irradiation history to determine time since production  Impurities may be traceable to processing methods

13. 13Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy ORNL RDD Material Production Data  DHS MS Access database developed  Information on sources produced at ORNL in searchable database –Source dimensions, welding details and serial numbers –Origin of radioactive material –Dates sources fabricated and initial distribution –Chemical form, processing history and major chemical characteristics  Experience with data sources now allows for rapid manual searches

14. 14Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Enhanced Data and Tools Advanced Analytical Techniques Enhanced Data and Tools Production Modeling  Continued mining of existing data and incorporation of new measurement knowledge base  Development of advanced mass spectrometry methods and techniques  Development of inverse reactor models to predict signatures and irradiation history

15. 15Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Meeting the challenges of the 21st century For additional information, contact: Brad Patton 865-574-6800 pattonbd@ornl.gov Questions?