1. University of Utah 1 Apple’s response Jef Raskin Apple Lisa (1983) -attempt to commercialize Xerox-style GUI -$10,000 -failure http://updatecenter.britannica.com/eb/image?binaryId=24405&rendTypeId=4

2. University of Utah 2 Macintosh 1984 First commercially successful GUI computer $1,995 http://www.cedmagic.com/history/macintosh-128k.jpg

3. University of Utah 3 Macintosh Motorola 68000 processor -Based on PDP-11 architecture 128K RAM 3-1/2 floppy drive “closed” architecture

4. University of Utah 4 Macintosh commercial break!

5. University of Utah 5 Attack of the Clones IBM PC consisted primarily of 3 rd party hardware and software So what was truly IBM’s about it?

6. University of Utah 6 Attack of the Clones IBM PC consisted primarily of 3 rd party hardware and software So what was truly IBM’s about it? The BIOS! -and it’s copyrighted.

7. University of Utah 7 Compaq “Compatibility and Quality” Reverse-engineered BIOS -“clean room” technique Compaq Portable (1983) -$2995 -25 pounds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Compaq_portable.jpg

8. University of Utah 8 Phoenix Technologies Also reverse-engineered IBM’s BIOS Sold BIOS chip to others -Opened the floodgates!...and the rest is history...

9. University of Utah 9 The others Not everyone embraced IBM standard -Commodore -Atari -Texas Instruments -Tandy / Radio Shack -Coleco -Sinclair / Timex

10. University of Utah 10 10 Sinclair Research Sir Clive Sinclair Radios, calculators, watches......and computers! (1980)

11. University of Utah 11 11 Sinclair ZX81 ZX81 (1981) -follow-on to earlier machine, ZX80. -Zilog Z80 processor -1K RAM expandable to 16K -BASIC in ROM -Black-and-white display

12. University of Utah 12 12 Sinclair ZX81 ZX81 (1981) -follow-on to earlier machine, ZX80. -Zilog Z80 processor -1K RAM expandable to 16K -BASIC in ROM -Black-and-white display The price: $100

13. University of Utah 13 13 Sinclair ZX81 demo

14. University of Utah 14 14 Commodore VIC-20 1980 5K RAM 6502 chip for processor VIC chip for color/graphics/sound -“video interface chip” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Commodore_VIC_20_computer1.jpg

15. University of Utah 15 15 Commodore VIC-20 Sold at normal retailers (K-Mart) Brilliant advertising -William Shatner as spokesman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JamesTKirk.jpg

16. University of Utah 16 16 Commodore VIC-20 commercial break

17. University of Utah 17 17 Commodore 64 1982 Same packaging as VIC-20, but much more powerful -64K RAM -6510 chip for processor -VIC-II chip for graphics 8 sprites -SID chip for sound 3 concurrent “voices”

18. University of Utah 18 18 Commodore 64 Most popular computer of all time -30 million sold (1982 – 1994) -$595

19. University of Utah 19 19 Commodore 64 demo

20. University of Utah 20 20 Crash of ‘83 Jack Tramiel: “Business is war” 1983 -January: price drops to $399 -February: $100 rebate -October: TI quits

21. University of Utah 21 21 Crash of ‘83 Jack Tramiel: “Business is war” 1983 -January: price drops to $399 -February: $100 rebate -October: TI quits 1984 -Tandy/Radio Shack starts making IBM PC compatibles -Atari almost goes bankrupt

22. University of Utah 22 22 Friendly Reminder If you haven’t already... -Mid-semester course evaluation -“Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence” Essay due Friday

23. University of Utah 23 23 “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)