2. INCINERATION  Define as: Control process for burning solid, liquid and gaseous combustible wastes to gases and residue containing non- combustible material.

3.  is any facility used wholly or in part for the controlled combustion of municipal wastes and other waste.  waste materials are treated at incinerator plants through the controlled application of that converts waste feed by high temperature oxidation to gaseous material.  during combustion the moisture is vapourised while the combustible waste is also vapourised and oxidised.

4.  final products are CO 2, water vapour, ash, and non-combustible or residue. 

5.  Objectives of thermal treatment  volume reduction  reduces 90% MSW  reduces 70% of weight  life span of a landfill could be longer

6.  Waste stabilisation  outputs from the incinerator are ash, flue gas and combustible residue.  the output generally inert and more stable when landfill.

7.  Waste to energy conversion  reduce the usage of fossil and fuel  Conversion of natural resources.

8.  Sanitisation of waste  high temperature (800 – 1100 0 C)  outlet 210 -230 o C  kill all the pathogen – important in the clinical/hospital waste.

9.  categories of incinerator  Three categories :  mass burning  Selected burning  source separated materials

10.  The Incineration Process  Four types of incinerator  Multiple chamber incinerator  Non-heat utilization incinerator  Fluidised bed incinerator  Rotary kiln combustor

11.  Multiple chamber incinerator  the simplest incinerator  combustion proceeds in two sage  combustion in the ignition chamber  gaseous phase combustion in the secondary combustion chamber.

13.  Non-heat utilisation incinerator  similar with multiple chamber incinerator except the waste to energy process is not included  accommodate up to 1,000 tonnes/day.  capacity of storage pit 16 to 36 hrs of refuse intake

14.  furnaces used are vertical circular, multicell rectangular or rotary kiln.

16.  Fluidised bed incinerator  uses a vertical furnace as alternate design  develop and commonly used in Japan  the combustion chamber contains a fluidised bed  advantage of this system is less mechanical problems

17.  FBI has a maximum capacity 350 tonnes/day  more efficient in burning and flue gas volume is smaller.  start up time is much smaller – 5 min

19.  Rotary kiln combustor  rotary kiln is circular, inclined, cylindrical  slow revolving combustion chamber  waste is rotated slowly  perforation along the kiln allow O 2 be pumped – efficient burning

20.  energy transfer by three method  radiation from the refractory inner space surface transfer energy to all surface in the kiln  by convection from the hot combustion gasses to the feed material  the hot refractory surface continuously comes into contact with the underside of the bed

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