1. Kingdom Protista, Part 1

2. General Characteristics Eukaryotic Unicellular (to colonial) Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Appeared about 1.5 BYA

3. Classified into 3 main groups 1. Animal-like… heterotrophs capable of locomotion 2. Plant-like… photosynthetic autotrophs 3. Fungus-like… decomposers that reproduce by spores Some protists may exhibit more than one characteristic, such as... ….it is possible to be both animal-like and plant-like.

4. Animal-like Protists (26-2) classified by method of movement

5. Phylum Rhizopoda (formerly Sarcodina) : ex. Amoeba

6. The Amoeba uses pseudopodia for locomotion.

7. The Amoeba in 3D – notice the pseudopods

9. Amoeba surround and engulf their food… the process is called phagocytosis.

10. An Amoeba eating a Paramecium.

11. Ciliophora all use cilia for movement have many specialized structures, including mouths, anal pores, contractile vacuoles, and two nuclei (a large macronucleus and small micronuclei) Ex. – Paramecium and Stentor

12. Phylum Ciliophora: ex. Paramecium

13. 3D view – taken by a scanning electron microscope

14. A closer look at the Cilia…. its means of locomotion

17. another Ciliate: Stentor

18. Phylum Zoomastigophora have flagella some species of zooflagellates have mutualistic relationships ex.- Trichonympha digests cellulose in the guts of termites

19. Others are parasites, like Trypanosoma, which causes African Sleeping Sickness (coma).

20. Trypanosoma

21. Tsetse Fly: carries Trypanosoma to humans; in other words, it’s a Vector White Blood Cell Red Blood Cells Trypanosoma

23. Phylum Sporozoa are parasites have no means of locomotion form spores that are dispersed by one or more hosts ex. Plasmodium, which causes malaria

24. Portions of the Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax It’s Vector: Anopheles Mosquito Plasmodium vivax Red Blood Cells

26. Phylum Foraminifera have a protective shell or TEST, usually made of calcium carbonate layers of tests can deposit on the ocean floor –these can form limestone and chalk, like the White Cliffs of Dover –Some species of forams are good indicators of oil deposits below

27. Cliffs of Dover