1. Air
Chapter12

2. 12-1 What Causes Air Pollution
Objectives 1. Name five primary air pollutants, and give sources for each. 2. Name the two major sources of air pollution in urban areas. 3. Describe the way in which smog forms. 4. Explain the way in which a thermal inversion traps air pollution.

3. What is Air Pollution?
When harmful substances build up in the air to unhealthy levels
Most comes from human activities but some can come from natural events

4. Primary Pollutants
Directly put into the air (soot)
CO, NO, SO2, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), particulate matter

5. Secondary Pollutants
When primary pollutants comes into contact with other primary pollutants or natural substances
Ground level ozone

6. History of Pollution 1000’s of years
Worse today because of the burning of fossil fuels

7. Motor vehicle emissions
1/3 of all air pollution comes from emissions from cars

8. Control of vehicle pollution
Clean Air Act of 1970
Clean up lead from gasoline
95% of fewer emissions then 30 years ago

9. California Zero Emission Vehicle Program
By 2016 requires 16% of all vehicles made to put out zero emissions

10. Industrial Air Pollution
Most burn fossil fuels
Releases SO2, NO into the air
Power plants produce 2/3 of all SO2 released

11. Clean Air Act
Requires use of scrubbers or pollution control devices

12. Smog
Air pollution over urban areas causes by sunlight, air, auto exhaust, and ozone

13. Temperature Inversions
Normally cool layer of warm air allow pollutants to blow away
Inversion is caused when there is a cool area near the ground, a warm layer, then another cool a layer

14. Traps pollutants
Mountains ranges near cities can aggravate this problem

15. 12-2 Air, Noise, and Light Pollution
Objectives 1. Describe three possible short-term effects and long-term effects of air pollution on human health. 2. Explain what causes indoor air pollution and how it can be prevented. 3. Describe three human health problems caused by noise pollution. 4. Describe solutions to energy waste caused by light pollution.

16. Short term Effects of Air Pollution on Health
Headaches, nausea, irritation to the nose and throat, tight chest, respiratory infections

17. Long Term Effects
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Heart disease

18. In Door Air Pollution
Plastics, industrial chemicals, CO, fungi, bacteria, tobacco smoke, formaldehyde
Sick building syndrome – caused when buildings have poor air supply

19. Radon gas
Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
Produced by the decay of Uranium
Seeps up through cracks in rocks through houses
Causes cancer (2nd lead cause0

20. Asbestos
Thin fibers that can get into your lungs and cause cuts and scaring which can lead to infections
Found in insulation and other building materials
Banned since 1970

21. Noise Pollution
From airplanes, construction, traffic
Causes loss of hearing, high blood pressure, stress

22. Measured in decibels (dB)
Over 120 decibels continuously can cause permanent hearing loss

23. Noises and their decibel levels
Rocket engine 180 Jet Engine 140 Rock & Roll Concert 120 Car horn 110 Lawn mower 90 Door bell 80 Conversation 60

24. Light pollution
Not a direct hazard to human health
Negative affect on environments and animals
Energy loss/waste

25. 12-3 Acid Rain
Objectives 1. Explain the causes of acid precipitation. 2. Explain how acid precipitation affects plants, soils, and aquatic ecosystems. 3. Describe three ways that acid precipitation affects humans. 4. Describe ways that countries are working together to solve the problem of acid precipitation.

26. Causes
Precipitation that contains high concentration of acid
From burning of fossil fuels
SO + NO + water =
acid rain

27. Flows to into water ways and kills wildlife and plants

29. Measure of how acidic or basic a substance ispH
Measure of how acidic or basic a substance is
0______________7________________14
Acidic Neutral Basic
Acidic rain has a pH of less than 5

32. Most acidic place in the US in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario

33. Affects on Soil and Plants
Acidification changes the soil chemistry
Acid levels goes up, and nutrient levels go down

34. Causes Al and other toxic metals to be released
Root damage
SO clogs stomata (holes) on plants

35. Affects on Aquatic Ecosystems
pH goes up so plants die then everything that eats the plants including animals

36. Al accumulates in fish and they suffocates
Interferes with oxygen intake
Worse in spring (snow melt)
Acid Shock- sudden influx of acid water into aquatic ecosystems

37. Acid Precipitation and Humans
Rain gets into the soil, then the crops, animals eat the crops (or we do), then we eat those animals

38. Has been linked to respiratory problems
Affects quality of life by affecting the ecosystems we enjoy for recreation
Dissolves limestone in buildings and monuments

39. International
Areas that produce the rain affect areas many miles away
Has lead to treaties between countries to reduce pollution (Canada and US)