1. Session 9 Cost accounting

2. Overview Theory Exercises – 4.36, 4.38, 4.44, 4.45, 4.46

3. Theory: Cost Driver – plausible explanation of the cost to run an activity. Example: Cost of “using a machine” is likely driven by how many hours it is run.

4. Theory:

5. Activities: Types Unit level: Performed each time a unit is produced Batch level: Performed each time a batch is produced Product level: Performed to support production of different type of product Customer Level: Performed to support servicing customers Facility level:Residuary head

9. Theory: Activity Based Costing - what activities cause indirect cost -Unit level, batch level, product level, facility level, -Find the cost driver rate --assign to the product

10. Exercise 4.36 a. Compute the amount of overhead to be allocated to each product under activity based costing.

11. Exercise 4.36 €2,150 per setup = €64,500  30 setups €565 per part = €16,9500  30 parts €0.20 per unit shipped = €30,000  150,000 units shipped

12. d €25,800 = €2,150 x 12 setups e €5,650 = €565 x 10 parts f €10,000 = €0.20 x 50,000 units shipped Production set up for Single Bulp = rate* number of set up for single bulp

13. Exercise 4.36 b. Compute the amount of overhead to be allocated to each product using direct labor hours as the allocation base. Assume the following: Units ProducedDirect labor hours per unit Single Bulb50,000 units0.5h Dual Bulb100,000 units1.0h

14. Units ProducedDirect labor hours per unit Single Bulb50,000 units0.5h Dual Bulb100,000 units1.0h 25,000 hours = 0.5 hours per unit x 50,000 units 100,000 = 1 hour x 100,000 units

15. Exercise 4.36

16. Exercise 4.36 c. Should the company follow the controller’s recommendations? Is the total overhead cost affected by the choice of traditional or ABC methods for assigning overhead costs to products?

17. c.The traditional costing method has appeared to allocate too little overhead to Single Bulb and too much overhead to Dual Bulb. Dual Bulb appears more costly (and therefore less profitable) than it should, which could affect a number of decisions such as whether to continue producing the product and the price at which to sell it. Activity-based costing provides a more detailed and accurate allocation of overhead costs. However, the more accurate method is also more expensive. The ABC system should be adopted if the benefits from improved information exceed the additional costs required to obtain the information. Exercise 4.36

18. Exercise 4.38 a. 1.Compute a predetermined overhead rate for year 5 for each cost driver using the estimated costs and estimated cost-driver units prepared by the consultant. Also compute a predetermined overhead rate for year 5 using direct labor hours as allocation base.

19. Exercise 4.38 a.

20. Exercise 4.38 b. Compute the production costs for each product using direct labor hours as the allocation base. (a.2)

21. Exercise 4.38 b.

22. Exercise 4.38 c. Compute the production costs for each product using the cost drivers recommended by the consultant.(a.1)

23. Exercise 4.38 c.

24. Exercise 4.38 d. How do you account for the discrepancy between the product costs using the two methods? Explain

25. Exercise 4.38 d. The discrepancy between our product costs using direct-labor hours as the allocation base versus activity-based costing is found in the way overhead costs are allocated. Our traditional direct-labor cost method distorts our product costs because there is little correlation between our direct-labor costs and overhead. Activity-based costing is more accurate. It allocates the individual components of our overhead to our products based upon the product’s use of that overhead component.

26. Exercise 4.44 a. Compute the cost-driver rate fir each cost-driver base.

27. Exercise 4.44

28. Exercise 4.44 b. Use ABC. Compute the cost of each product given the activity level for the month of June.

29. Exercise 4.44

30. Exercise 4.44 c. Assume that the company’s traditional costing system had assigned a cost of 9€ per unit sold to the batch, product, customer, and facility level. Compute both the total cost and unit cost for each product for the month of June.

31. Exercise 4.44

32. Exercise 4.44 d. Compare your findings under ABC and the traditional costing system. Explain

33. d.Comparing the bottom line in requirement b with the bottom line in requirement c, one sees a significant difference in product costs. If we think about a sporting goods store that has 500 different products, as Omni Athletic does, then many of the products have a lower value than tennis racquets and fishing rods. In many cases, companies average the batch through facility-level costs over the products. This averaging process understates the cost of relatively high value products such as fishing rods and tennis racquets and overstates the cost of relatively low value products (such as tennis balls and fishing line). That could explain the difference in product costs between the traditional and ABC methods. Exercise 4.44

34. Exercise 4.45 a. Compute cost-driver rates for each activity/resource. What is the cost per unit of the these manufacturing activities for the week?

35. Exercise 4.45

37. Exercise 4.46 Intellig receives a sales price of 25€ each for board A and 30 € for board B. Compute the profits for each type of board. Should Intellig discontinue either product?

38. Exercise 4.46

39. Should Intellig discontinue either product? The argument could be made that Intellig should eliminate the Board B product since it shows a loss of €2,500. However, it is unclear (and probably unlikely) that the facility costs will be eliminated upon eliminating Board B. Instead, the facility costs might simply be allocated to Board A. A better approach for the company is to review the process required to produce Board B to find areas where future cost savings might exist. Board B costs significantly more to produce than Board A, but is priced the same as Board A. Intellig should also review its pricing structure for Board B to see if the market will pay more than the current €30 per unit price. Exercise 4.46

40. ARE YOU READYYY?

53. See you next week!