2. Facts about photons

3. PHOTONS n Smallest quantity of electromagnetic radiation n bundle of energy (AKA quantum) n travels at 186,400 miles per second n x-ray and visible light photons n energy disturbances n no mass n have electric and magnetic fields that move in sine waves

4. ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION n James Clerk Maxwell discovered both light and x-rays have electric and magnetic properties

5. TERMINOLOGY OF A SINE WAVE n AMPLITUDE: 1/2 RANGE FROM CREST TO VALLEY n FREQUENCY: RISE AND FALL OF SINE WAVE (HZ). n ONE HZ IS EQUAL TO ONE CYCLE PER SECOND n WAVELENGTH: DISTANCE FROM ONE VALLEY TO ANOTHER OR ONE CREST TO ANOTHER

6. FACTS ABOUT “c”, “f” AND LAMBDA n C or V = velocity n C increases as F(FREQUENCY) increases As LAMBDA (WAVELENGTH) increases, F decreases n V = F x Lambda n C = F X Lambda in electromagnetic radiation

7. Match the Units of measurement n Hz n Meter n Volts n Energy n Frequency n Wavelength

8. MISCELLENOUS FACTS n 80 kVp= energies from 0-80 keV n x-rays are emitted from electron cloud gamma rays emitted from nucleus

9. DEFINITIONS n Reflection n Transmission n Absorption n Transparent n Translucent n Opaque Significant in Radiology n Attenuation n Radioopaque n Radiolucent

10. PLANCK’S QUANTUM THEORY n Understanding of relationship between energy and frequency n X-ray photons travel at speed of light and exist with velocity or do not exist at all n photon energy is proportional to photon frequency n Planck’s constant

11. Application of Planck’s Constant E(eV)=h(Planck’s constant or constant of proportionality*)x f(photon frequency)