1. Renaissance in N. Europe and Spain Continued…..

3. Northern Renaissance term: “Northern Renaissance” –more of a grafting or fusion of Italian innovations with local traditions difference from Italy: –neither heritage of Antiquity’s ideals nor beauty of human anatomy consistently manifested –focus extreme states of emotion visible surface appearance

4. Northern Renaissance context: Protestant Reformation –Martin Luther (1483-1546) pivotal figure publication of Ninety-five Theses (1517) –justification by faith alone instead of by good works –attacked indulgences of Catholic Church –led to breaking away of most north German states from Church of Rome

5. Northern Renaissance Iconoclasms in N. Europe Some art destroyed, other artists stove to represent figures w/o creating “pagan idols” Durer represents the combination of N. Renaissance realism with the Italian concern for size and monumnetality

6. Bosch’s Earthly Delights –“Third Day of Creation” patron: aristocratic theme: Humanist outer panel when closed complete work consists of four paintings on a series of folding panels scale: large –center panel > 7’ x 6’

7. Hieronymous Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, oil on wood, 7’2” x 3’2”, 1505-1515, now in Prado, Madrid. Allegory of evil, symbolism, and some say surrealism. Garden of Earthly Delights Video

8. Center panel - flashcard Hieronymus Bosch –Garden of Earthly Delights (c. 1510-15) subject: Sin narrative: allegorical –humans’ inability to save themselves –alchemy (?) mood: fantastic & nightmarish vision –antecedents in recent Gothic past –over 1K figures

9. Hell panel from Bosch Bosch’s Earthly Delights –“Hell” setting: dark world of fire & ice theme: sensual pleasures turned into elements of torture figures: hybrid forms, unnatural unions color: vibrant light/shadow: chiaroscuro aerial perspective: night

10. Annunciation and Virgin of the Rosary, painted & gilt limewood, 12’2” x 10’6”, 1517, Nuremberg. Velt Stoss Northern Europe artists made intricately carved altarpieces and sculptures from wood

11. Hagenaur’s St. Anthony Enthroned, Shrine of the Isenheim Altarpiece (open)

12. Isenheim Altarpiece, oil on wood, Matthias Grunewald… 9’9” x 10’9”, 1515.. Isenheim, France-3 views, made for hospital of people suffering St. Anthony’s disease, ergotism, agony of ergotism shown in Christ (amputation in next view)

13. Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, first opening…

14. Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait, oil on wood, 26’ x 19”, 1500 flashcard Christ-like pose, not blasphemous, human creativity as a reflection of God’s divinity Frontality, symmetry, triangular composition Combined Italian monumentality w/N. European precision (van Eyck?) Durer studied in Italy, was also printmaker/engraver

15. Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, woodcut, Durer, 1498. Book of Revelations (Bible), Gothic forms inspired by Mantegna No background, no division between earth and heaven Famine (scales), war (sword), death (pitchfork), and pestilence (bow) Crowded composition, horsemen ride over dead bodies flashcard

16. Artist: Albrecht Dürer Title: Adam and Eve Medium: Engraving Size: 9⅞ X 7⅝" (25.1 X 19.4 cm) Date: 1504 Contrapossto figures with classical sculpture influence Four humors - rabbit (energy), elk (sad), ox (lethargic), cat (angry). Mouse = Satan, parrot = clever, Adam tries to dissuade Eve Detailed in northern tradition flashcard

17. Four Apostles, Durer Oil on wood, 7” x 30” each panel, 1526 Four humors AGAIN… John sanguine, Paul melancholic, Mark choleric, Peter phlegmatic Italian size, N. European attention to detail Peter = Pope in rome, shown in shadow Mark and Paul on right

18. Danube Landscape, Albrecht Alttdorfer Oil on vellum on wood panel, 12” x 8” 1525 Landscapes became very popular in Northern Europe… Altdorfer and Bruegel were 2 famous landscape artists from this era….. Bruegel although he studied in Italy, did not show much Italian influence…

19. Pieter Bruegel the Elder, the Fall of Icarus, oil on panel, 29” x 44”, 1555

20. Return of the Hunters, Pieter Bruegel, oil on wood, 1565, part of series of seasonal paintings. Hunters are peasant types; strong diagonals in picture. Typical scene rather than a specific narrative. Winter landscape in Belgium. FLASHCARD

21. In SPAIN, El Greco studied Mannerism in Italy... Then returned to create dramatic, interesting compositions Burial of Count Orgaz, oil on canvas, 1585… Tomb located directly below the painting. Painting commissioned 300 yrs after his death! Great philanthropist,. Combo of Venetian color, Spanish mysticism, Mannerism figures

22. View of Toledo, oil on canvas; 47” x 42”, 1610 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York El Greco Also painted landscapes, with drama of mannerism and expressive brushstrokes and color

23. Henry VIII, Hans Holbein, oil on wood, 32” 29”, Holbein was court painter in England Showed monumentality of King Henry VIII< who was a very large man Mannerist influence flashcard

24. Some women artist, such as Caterina van Hemessen in her Self-portrait, worked in the Northern Renaissanc es well…

25. Princess Elizabeth, Levina Bening Teerlinc, 42” x 32”, 1559 Levina was court painter in England, skilled portraitist. This portrait is in Windsor Castle today!