1. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana Lecture 16 oshana@airmail.net

2. Test execution Chapter 7

3. Test execution Most visible part of the process Occurs at the end of the development cycle –Most other activities have slowed down –Probably on critical path Test execution is 40% of the entire effort

4. Executing the tests

5. Who should run tests Unit tests – probably the developers System tests – combination of developer, end user, test team Acceptance test – end user Look for the right people !

6. What to execute first A strategy decision –Quality of resources –Documentation –Risk analysis Run regression test to find problems early Then focus on high risk areas

7. Writing test cases during execution Will always think of new test cases You are learning more about the system Make sure to log these new tests and record them

8. Record results of testing Automation should require that inputs and outputs be logged Manual testing can record results right in the test log Material to put in the log will vary IEEE 829-1998 defines the test log as a chronological ordering of events

9. Test incident reports Incident defined as any unusual result of executing a test (or actual operation) May later be categorized as defects or enhancements Failure occurs when a defect prevents a system from accomplishing its mission Defect tracking becomes an important activity

10. IEEE Template for test incident reporting Identifier Summary Description Impact Investigation Metrics Disposition

11. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana End of Lecture oshana@airmail.net

12. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana Lecture 17 oshana@airmail.net

14. Writing the test incident report Focus on factual data Ensure the situation is re-creatable Not use emotional judgment Not be judgmental

15. Attributes of a defect tracking tool Commercial or custom solutions Easy to use and flexible Fields should be modifiable to match the organization terminology Should facilitate the analysis of data Linked to CM system

16. Testing status and results Test status report is often the primary formal communication channel that the test manager uses

17. Test summary report (IEEE 829) Identifier Summary Variances Comprehensive assessment Summary of results Evaluation Recommendations

18. Test summary report (IEEE 829) Summary of activities Approvals

19. When are we done testing? “There is no single, valid, rational criterion for stopping. Furthermore, given any set of applicable criteria, how each is weighed depends very much upon the product, the environment, the culture, and the attitude to risk”

20. If you stop too early Many defects left in the product, including show stoppers Might be manageable with a small number of customers with expectations set May be difficult to switch to new product needs Increased employee turnover Customer frustration with the product

21. Shipping too late Team confidence in product quality CS – smaller, predictable Loss of revenue, market share Greater quality => reputation increases => market share

22. Defect discovery rate

23. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana End of Lecture oshana@airmail.net

24. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana Lecture 18 oshana@airmail.net

25. Measuring test effectiveness Many organizations do not consciously attempt to measure test effectiveness All measures have deficiencies Should still develop a method to use in your organization

26. Categories of metrics for test effectiveness

27. Defect discovery rates

28. Bug budget example

29. Defect removal efficiency (DRE) Number of bugs found in testing DRE = --------------------------------------------- # bugs found in testing + # not found

30. Defect removal efficiency (DRE) Severity and distribution of bugs must be taken into account How do you know when the customer has found all the bugs? Metrics are “after the fact” When do we start counting bugs? Some bugs cannot be found in testing

35. # defects weighted by defect age on a project

36. Formula for defect spoilage Sum of (# defects X defect phase dis) Spoilage = -------------------------------------- total number of defects

37. Formula for defect density

38. Code coverage Not a silver bullet Tools available Several weaknesses –Does not assure code will work More effective when used at lower levels Global coverage can highlight areas that are deficient

39. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana End of Lecture oshana@airmail.net

40. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana Lecture 19 oshana@airmail.net

41. The Test Organization Chapter 8

42. Test organizations No right or wrong way to organize Dependent on politics, corporate culture, skill, knowledge of the participants, risk of the product

44. Independent test teams Primary job is testing One product or many Popularity grown out of frustration Could lead to a “brick wall” between developers

45. Integrated test teams Teams made up of developers and testers who all report to the same manager May be easier to get buy in earlier if working on a team Professional testers Under pressure, may ship product prematurely

46. Developers Developers and testers are the same people Fewer communication problems Lack of unbiased look at the system Reduce risk by having a rigorous test process, adequate time, business expertise, CM enforced, training, and exit criteria

47. Other organizational approaches Test coordinator QA Outsourcing IV&V

48. Office environment Office space Location relative to other participants Cube vs office vs common office Immersion time number of uninterrupted hours E-Factor = --------------------------------------- Number of body present hours

49. Office environment Quiet time Meetings –Start meeting on time –Publish an agenda –Specify who should attend –Keep attendees to a workable number –Limit conversations –Have someone take notes –Urge participation –Choose a suitable location

50. The software tester Chapter 9

51. Characteristics of good testers Inquisitive Functional/business knowledge Detail oriented Open minded Good personality Technical background Testing experience Team player

52. Finding good testers Developers Users Help desk/technical support Technical writers QA personnel Recent graduates Other companies

53. Hiring testers Define job requirements Read the resume Prepare yourself mentally First impressions are important Learn how to ask questions Ask to demonstrate skills Take notes

54. Hiring testers Answer candidates questions Check references Team interviews

55. Other test organization issues How many testers do you need? Retaining staff Working overtime Software testing certifications

56. Categories of certifications

58. CSE 7314 Software Testing and Reliability Robert Oshana End of Lecture oshana@airmail.net