1. Ummayah Dynasty دولة بني أمية 41-132 H

2. North Africa and Andalusia

3. 11 4 1 658 10 9712 2 3

5. Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik Reviving Conquests: –Sind (Indus): Muhammad bin Al-Qasim –Khurasan: Qutaybah bin Muslim –Andalus: Musa bin Nusayr and Tariq bin Ziyad. –Byzantium; Maslamh bin Abdul-Malik

6. Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik Reviving Conquests: –Sind (Indus): Muhammad bin Al-Qasim –Khurasan: Qutaybah bin Muslim –Andalus: Musa bin Nusayr and Tariq bin Ziyad. –Byzantium; Maslamh bin Abdul-Malik

7. Al-Andalus Continuation to the Conquests in North Africa. Review of North African Conquests in Islam

9. 20-22 H (Time of Omar bin Al-Khattab) Amr bin Al-’Aas conquers Egypt and stops at Tripoli based on orders from Omar bin Al-Khattab (ra)

10. 23-24 H (Time of Uthman bin Affan) Abdullah bin Abi As-Sarh advances and defeats the Byzantines and retreats without leaving Islamic authority.

11. 46 H (Time of Mu’aweyah) Mu’aweyah bin Hudayj advances and defeats the Byzantines And, again, retreats without leaving Islamic authority.

12. 50 H (at the time of Mu’aweyah) Uqba bin Nafe’ becomes Governor of North Africa in Barqa. He leads 10,000 and builds Al-Qayrawan to establish a strong base in a place of many rebellions. Uqba’s First Expedition

13. 55 H (Time of Mu’aweyah) Dinar Abu Al-Muhajer advances and defeats the Byzantines And the Berber into today’s Algeria. Kusaylah, leader of Berber claims Islam.

14. 62-64 H (at the time of Yazid bin Mu’aweyah) Uqba bin Nafe’ reappointed Governor of North Africa in Qayrawan. He leads an army and reaches Tangier and the Atlantic Ocean. Uqba’s Second Expedition

15. 64 H (at the time of Yazid bin Mu’aweyah) Uqba bin Nafe’ is killed in a battle against Kusaylah, the Berber rebel. Kusaylah takes Qayrawan.

16. 65 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Zuhair bin Qays Al-Balwi becomes the Governer, He moves to Barqa and regroups.

17. 65 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Zuhair bin Qays Al-Balwi attacks Kusaylah and kills him in Qayrawan.

18. 69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Zuhair bin Qays Al-Balwi’s army is attacked by the Byzantines In Barqa. Zuhair is killed. But Barqa remains with the Muslims.

19. 69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan becomes the Governer, The Byzantines are in Carthage. The Berber rebelled under Dahya (aka Al-Kahinah). Times of Tribulation in Islamic State

20. 69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan leads an expedition against the Byzantines in Carthage. Also against the Berber under Dahya (aka Al-Kahinah) Hassan’s First Expedition

21. 69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan faces against the Berber under Dahya (aka Al-Kahinah) and defeated in the battle of Al-Bala’ (The Tribulation) Hassan’s First Expedition

22. 69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan retreats to Qayrawan and asks the help of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan.

23. 78 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan regroups in Qayrawan and faces against the Byzantine in Carthage. He destroys the Byzantines and kicks them out of North Africa forever. Builds a city and calls it Tunis. Hassan’s Second Expedition

24. 82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan moves to reface Dahya (Al-Kahinah) In a great battle of (The Well of Al-Kahinah) Hassan’s Second Expedition

25. 82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan moves to reface Dahya (Al-Kahinah) In a great battle of (The Well of Al-Kahinah) Hassan’s Second Expedition

26. 82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan moves to reface Dahya (Al-Kahinah) In a great battle of (The Well of Al-Kahinah) Hassan’s Second Expedition

27. 82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan destroys the Berber army and Recaptures North Africa for Islam. Hassan’s Second Expedition

28. 82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan destroys the Berber army and Recaptures North Africa for Islam. Hassan’s Second Expedition

29. 85 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Hassan bin Al-Numan is removed from North Africa to Damascus. He is martyred fighting the Byzantines in Syria.

30. 85 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Musa bin Nusayr becomes the Governor of North Africa.

31. Musa bin Nusayr Establishing Islam in North Africa. It took around 70 years (20-90 H) to settle Islam in North Africa. Resume the spreading of Islam: –Sicily 86 H –Mallorca (Majorca) 89 H –Menorca 89 H Considering Andalusia. Asking the permission of Al-Walid (90 H- 709 CE)

32. 85 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan) Musa bin Nusayr starts the advance beyond North Africa and into Europe.

33. Andalusia The conditions at 90 H. The Goths. Roderigo vs. Witiza Tareq bin Ziad The alliance with Julian, the Governor of Cueta.

34. Ramadan 91 H 710 CE The Expedition of Tarif

35. Ramadan 91 H 710 CE The Expedition of Tarif Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla

36. Rajab 92 H 711 CE The Invasion of Tareq Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla 6000-7000

37. Rajab 92 H 711 CE The Invasion of Tareq Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

38. Sha’ban 92 H 711 CE The Invasion of Tareq Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

39. Shaban 92 H 711 CE The Invasion of Tareq Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

40. Shaban 92 H 711 CE The Invasion of Tareq Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

41. Shaban 92 H 711 CE The Invasion of Tareq Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

42. 92 H 711 CE Toledo

43. 92 H 711 CE Toledo 100,000 Chivalry

44. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Help from Musa bin Nusayr 5000 led by Tarif

45. Ramadan 92 H 711 CE Tarif Rodrigo Tareq Sidonia Valley of Lakka

46. Ramadan 92 H 711 CE Tarif Rodrigo Tareq Sidonia Valley of Lakka

47. Ramadan 92 H 711 CE Tarif Rodrigo Tareq Sidonia Valley of Lakka

48. Ramadan 92 H 711 CE Tarif Rodrigo Tareq Sidonia Valley of Lakka

49. Ramadan 92 H 711 CE Tarif Rodrigo Tareq Sidonia Valley of Lakka

50. Ramadan 92 H 711 CE Tarif Tareq Sidonia Valley of Lakka

51. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne

52. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne

53. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne

54. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija

55. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija

56. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija

57. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija

58. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Sevilla Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija

59. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Seville Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija

60. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Seville Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr fears for the fast advance and orders Tareq to stop

61. 92 H 711 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Seville Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr leasd an army of 18,000 and crosses to Andalusia

62. 93 H 712 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Seville Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr leasd an army of 18,000 and crosses to Andalusia

63. 93 H 712 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Seville Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr’s fears become true when Seville rebels

64. 93 H 712 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Seville Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr besieged Seville

65. 93 H 712 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Seville Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr takes Seville back

66. 93 H 712 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Talavera Lisbon Salamanca Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr sends his son Abdul-Aziz to secure the West and East (Protect the flanks). Seville Malaga

67. 93 H 712 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr moves forward (with his flanks protected) to Merida and Talavera Seville Talavera Merida

68. 93 H 712 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr moves to Merida and Talavera Seville Talavera Merida

69. 94 H 713 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr moves to meet tareq in Toledo Seville Talavera Merida

70. 94 H 713 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida

71. 94 H 713 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida

72. 94 H 713 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida

73. 94 H 713 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida

74. 95 H 714 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida

75. 95 H 714 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida Leon

76. 95 H 714 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida Leon

77. 95 H 714 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forces Seville Talavera Merida Leon

78. 95 H 714 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Orders from Al- Walid to stop and come to Damascus Seville Talavera Merida Leon

79. 95 H 714 CE Toledo Cueta Tangier Granada Cordova Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar) Lisbon Salamanca Malaga Murcia Valencia Tarragona Barcelona Zaragoza Narbonne Ecija Orders from Al- Walid to stop and come to Damascus Seville Talavera Merida Leon

80. Bin Nusayr’s Ambition

81. Musa and Tareq Qutaybah bin Muslim Muhamad Bin Al-Qasem Maslamah bin Abdul-Malik

82. Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik (50-96 H) Khilafah 86-96H Internal Rebuilding Reviving Conquests. –Sind (Indus): Muhammad bin Al-Qasim –Khurasan: Qutaybah bin Muslim –Andalus: Musa bin Nusayr and Tariq bin Ziyad. –Byzantium; Maslamh bin Abdul-Malik

84. Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik Internal Rebuilding –Expanding Masjid of Madina (87-88 H) –Building the Great Masjid of Damascus (88 H)