1. By Omar Y. Tahboub Multimedia and Networking Lab MediaNet Computer Science Department Kent State University

2. Omar Y. Tahboub Department of Computer Science Kent State University Kent, Ohio 44242 Office: (330)-672-7825 Email: otahboub@cs.kent.eduotahboub@cs.kent.edu URL: http://www.cs.kent.edu/~otahboubhttp://www.cs.kent.edu/~otahboub

3. Education  Ph.D. in Computer Science, Kent State University, 2010(expected)  M.S. in Computer Science, University of Jordan, 2004  B.S.in Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 2002

4. Research Interests  Scheduling-based Routing in Predictable Intermittent Networks  Scheduling-based Routing in Disruptive/Delay Tolerant Networks  Internet2 Network Backbone Architectural Design  Internet2 Network Protocol Architectural Design  Dynamic Circuit Networking at MPLS Protocol (DCN@MPLS)  Design of Multi-Party Communication Architectures for Enterprise Space Explorations

5.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”  Part 2: Introduction to Operating Systems  Summary

6.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” ◦ Reference Model ◦ Architectural Model ◦ Networking and Internet Evolution  Part 2: Operating Systems ◦ Operating System (OS) ◦ The Functions of OS ◦ The Organization of OS ◦ Types of OS ◦ Design Issues of OS  Summary

7.  In this talk, we aim to achieve two main goals: 1.Presentation of the “Big Picture” of modern information systems. 2.Answer some interesting questions related to operating systems:  What are they?  How they work?  In what types they come?  How do they evolve?

8.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” ◦ Components ◦ Architecture ◦ Interconnectivity  Part 2: Operating Systems  Summary

9.  Information Systems (ISs) have become a central element in modern organizations.  Generally, ISs are studied in in terms of their: ◦ Components ◦ Architecture ◦ Interconnectivity

10.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” ◦ Reference Model ◦ Architectural Model ◦ Network and Internet Evolution  Part 2: Operating Systems  Summary

11. PeopleProceduresSoftwareHardwareData

12. Teacher/Students Banker Stock Broker Operator

13. Installation Manual Software Training Kit User Manual

14. System Software (Operating System) Application Software

15. Mouse Keyboard Tower Monitor Microcomputer Minicomputer Supercomputer

16. Text Image Video Audio

17.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture” ◦ Reference Model ◦ Architectural Model ◦ Networking and Internet Evolution  Part 2: Operating Systems  Summary

18. Information System Architectural Model

19. Local Area Network Wide Area Network The Internet

21.  Modern ISs incorporate various types of computers scaling from handheld gadgets to supercomputers.  The software component represents a central component in modern ISs.  Further, system software (OS) forms a key element in the IS software component  Hence, it is the heart of the IS.

22.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”  Part 2: Operating Systems ◦ Operating System (OS) ◦ The Functions of OS ◦ The Organization of OS ◦ Types of OS ◦ Design Issues of OS  Summary

23.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”  Part 2: Operating Systems ◦ Operating System (OS) ◦ The Functions of OS ◦ The Organization of OS ◦ Types of OS ◦ Design Issues of OS  Summary

24.  Operating systems are: ◦ No universally accepted definition ◦ “Everything a vendor ships when you order an operating system” is good approximation  But varies wildly ◦ “The one program running at all times on the computer” is the kernel. Everything else is either a system program (ships with the operating system) or an application program.

25.  Operating systems is: ◦ system software, which operates the computer hardware. ◦ A virtual machine shell, which provided a logical representation of the underlying physical computer hardware. ◦ An intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. ◦ A set of system and application and utility software that manage, allocate and coordinate the underlying hardware resources including:  Processor (CPU)  Graphic Processor (GPU)  Memory  Storage  Network Communication

26.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”  Part 2: Operating Systems ◦ Operating System (OS) ◦ The Functions of OS ◦ The Organization of OS ◦ Types of OS ◦ Design Issues of OS  Summary

27.  Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier  Make the computer system convenient to use  Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.

29.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”  Part 2: Operating Systems ◦ Operating System (OS) ◦ The Functions of OS ◦ The Organization of OS ◦ Types of OS ◦ Design Issues of OS  Summary

30.  Computer-system operation ◦ One or more CPUs, device controllers connect through common bus providing access to shared memory ◦ Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles

31.  I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently  Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type  Each device controller has a local buffer  CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers  I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller  Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt

32.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”  Part 2: Operating Systems ◦ Operating System (OS) ◦ The Functions of OS ◦ The Organization of OS ◦ Types of OS ◦ Design Issues of OS  Summary

33.  Mainly there are five types of Operating Systems: 1.Multi/Single-User Operating Systems 2.Multi/Single-Tasking Operating Systems 3.Real-Time Operating Systems 4.Distributed Operating Systems 5.Embedded Operating Systems

34. 1. Multi/Single User Operating Systems: ◦ Allow multiple users to access a computer system concurrently. ◦ Time-sharing systems can be classified as multi-user systems. ◦ Single-user operating systems, are usable by a single user at a time. ◦ Multi-user operating systems ◦ Single-user operating systems

35. 2. Multi/Single Tasking Operating Systems: ◦ Single Tasking: only one program is allowed to run at a time. ◦ Multi-Taking OS: Multi programs are allowed to run concurrently.  Pre-emptive : OS slices CPU time and dedicate a slice for each program.  Cooperative: relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner

36. 3. Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): ◦ Multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications. ◦ Quick and predictable response to events. ◦ Use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic nature of behavior.  Event-driven  time-sharing design. ◦ ChibiOS/RT, BeRTOS and LynxOS

37. 4. Distributed Operating Systems (DOS): ◦ Manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. ◦ When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system. ◦ Amoeba Operating System, and E1 DOS

38. 5. Embedded Operating Systems : ◦ Used in embedded computer systems are known as embedded operating systems. ◦ Operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. ◦ Operate with a limited number of resources. ◦ Windows CE, FreeBSD, and Minix 3.

39.  Introduction  Part 1:Modern Information Systems: “The Big Picture”  Part 2: Operating Systems ◦ Operating System (OS) ◦ The Functions of OS ◦ The Organization of OS ◦ Types of OS ◦ Design Issues of OS  Summary

40.  Development of faster and more robust hardware.  Demand for better performance coping with emerging hardware technologies.  Scalability.  Security.  Communication and Internet Evolution

41.  Gave a brief demonstration of modern information systems highlighting operating systems.  Operating system forms the heart of an information system.  Gave a holistic introduction to operating systems answering a number interesting questions: ◦ What are they? ◦ What they do? ◦ How they are organized? ◦ What are their types? ◦ What are the their design issues?