1. NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA III (Chapter 7: 360-371)

2. THE EMPIRE STATES  TURKEY, IRAN, CYPRUS, AZERBAIJAN  IMPERIAL HERITAGE  ARAB ETHNICITY GIVES WAY BUT ISLAMIC CULTURE CONTINUES  HIGH MOUNTAINS AND PLATEAUS VS ROCKY AND SANDY DESERT

3. THE EMPIRE STATES

4. TURKEY  TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE NOMADIC PEOPLES FROM THE STEPPES AND FORESTS OF SIBERIA 6TH CENTURY- ESTABLISHED AN EMPIRE STRETCHING FROM MONGOLIA TO THE BLACK SEA SPREAD THE TURKIC LANGUAGE FAR AND WIDE DECLINED IN EARLY 1900s  MUSTAFA KEMAL (ATATURK) FATHER OF MODERN TURKEY MOVED CAPITAL FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TO ANKARA WESTERNIZED TURKEY AND BROKE FREE FROM THE ARAB WORLD

6. TURKEY (CONTINUED)  WESTERNIZATION ISLAM LOST OFFICIAL STATUS ROMAN ALPHABET REPLACED ARABIC ISLAMIC LAW REPLACED BY WESTERN CODE MONOGAMY BECAME LAW WOMEN GAINED RIGHTS TURKEY SEPARATED FROM ARAB WORLD  KURDISH POPULATION 14 MILLION- 1/5 OF TURKEY’S 70 MILLION SOUTHEAST TURKEY (IRAQ) - 3,000 BP; RECENTLY-ISTANBUL ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM

7. CYPRUS  POPULATION OF 900,000  PREDOMINANTLY GREEK SINCE ANCIENT TIMES  CONQUERED IN 1571 BY TURKS  1878- BRITISH TOOK CONTROL  AFTER WW II- INDEPENDENCE OR UNION WITH GREECE OR TURKEY?  1960- GRANTED INDEPENDENCE  1974- CIVIL WAR  1983- TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS SECEDED; 2 DE FACTO STATES EXIST

8. IRAN  A COUNTRY OF MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS  POPULATION OF 67 MILLION  66% URBANIZED  NOMADISM  OIL RESERVES  1980-1990 WAR WITH IRAQ  CULTURAL TIES WITH IRAQ, AZERBAIJAN, AFGHANISTAN

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKESTAN  MOUNTAINS  DESERTS  OIL, COTTON  PASTORALISM  DIPLOMATIC REALIGNMENT  ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

10.  Kazakhstan  Uzbekistan  Turkmenistan  Kyrgyzstan  Tajikistan 5 STATES OF THE FORMER USSR

11. ETHNIC DIVERSITY

12. AFGHANISTAN  BUFFER STATE  TURBULENT HISTORY  MUJAHEDEEN  TALIBAN ERA  OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM E. J. PALKA

16. NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA III (Chapter 7: 360-371)