1. Health Care Science Technology
Chapter 14 Nursing
Health Care Science Technology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Objectives
Summarize the roles and responsibilities of unlicensed nursing personnel, including certified/certificated nursing assistants, home health aides, dialysis technicians, and surgical technicians.
Differentiate between the roles and responsibilities of licensed nurses, including licensed practical nurses and licensed vocational nurses, registered nurses, and advanced practice nurses.
Successfully complete 16 nursing procedures.
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3. Careers in Nursing 14-1 Unlicensed Nursing Personnel
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4. Careers in Nursing Nursing offers many career opportunities.
Aging population, increasing turnover because of age, and people exiting the nursing field create need for new trainees.
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5. Careers in Nursing (cont.)
Nursing can be divided into two areas:
Unlicensed nursing personnel
Certified or certificated nursing assistant.
Home health aide.
Dialysis technician.
Surgical technician.
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6. Careers in Nursing (cont.)
Licensed nursing personnel
Licensed practical nurse or licensed vocational nurse.
Registered nurse.
Advanced practice nurse.
Should Licensed practical nurse be capitalized? Same for RN?
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7. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel
Need generated by the rapidly rising cost of health care.
Work under licensed nurses.
Perform nursing tasks that can be safely done by people with specific training.
There are unresolved issues on which tasks can be delegated.
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8. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant
Regulated by state law – not federal.
Federal government issued guidelines for training in Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA).
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9. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant (cont.)
Nursing assistant is often primary caregiver.
Often involves working evenings, nights, weekends, and holidays.
Typically works in 3 types of facilities:
Acute care.
Long-term care.
Residential care.
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10. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant (cont.)
Tasks delegated may include:
Answering call lights.
Setting up rooms for new admissions.
Keeping rooms neat to ensure safety.
Delivering messages, supplies, and equipment.
Serving and assisting with meals.
Assisting with daily personal care.
Assisting with toileting.
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11. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant (cont.)
Tasks delegated may include (cont.):
Making beds.
Providing oral care.
Assisting with oral care.
Assisting with skin care.
Helping with shaving.
Taking and reporting vital signs.
Assisting with bathing and/or showering.
Reporting changes in client’s condition.
Helping clients transfer and/or ambulate.
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12. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant – Long-Term Care
Perform the same duties as in acute care, but additional duties may include:
Emptying bedpans.
Cleaning incontinent patients.
Reporting significant changes, including changes in mental status or self-care capabilities.
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13. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant – Residential Care
Perform same duties as in acute care and long-term care, but additional duties may include:
Assisting with medications.
Assisting with taking clients shopping or other outings.
Providing assistance with transportation to medical appointments.
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14. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Home Health Aide
Works with clients in their homes.
May work in one or multiple homes.
Clients are often elderly, disabled, or ill.
Works independently with occasional supervisory oversight.
Supervisor is home health nurse who writes detailed plan of care.
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15. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Home Health Aide (cont.)
Performs same tasks as certified or certificated nursing assistant.
Assists with medications.
Assists with personal care.
Cooks meals.
Assists with eating, bathing, and dressing.
Does light housekeeping and laundry.
Changes bed linens.
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16. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Home Health Aide (cont.)
Assists with shopping.
Takes clients to medical appointments.
Provides assistance that allows client to remain safely in home.
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17. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Dialysis Technician
Also known as hemodialysis or renal dialysis technician.
Operate kidney dialysis machines.
May perform maintenance and repairs on dialysis equipment.
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18. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Dialysis Technician (cont.)
Must minimize exposure of client’s blood to minimize spread of disease.
Tasks may include any or all of the following:
Getting machines ready.
Obtaining and recording client’s weight and vital signs before procedure.
Administering anesthetics and medications before, during, and after procedure.
Beginning the procedure.
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19. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Dialysis Technician (cont.)
Tasks may include any or all of the following (cont.):
Monitoring the client and process.
Checking for signs or symptoms of adverse reactions.
Administering emergency care if needed.
Cleaning equipment after procedure.
Training clients on how to perform the procedure at home.
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20. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Surgical Technician
Also known as operating room technician.
Assist during surgical procedures.
Work under supervision from surgeons, registered nurses, and others.
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21. Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Surgical Technician (cont.)
Work in operating or delivery room.
May work in outpatient facility for physicians or dentists.
May set up an operating room before surgery.
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22. Surgical Technician Job Responsibilities (cont.)
The Surgical Technician (cont.)
Other duties may include:
Maintaining a sterile environment for surgery.
Learning required surgical tools.
Knowing the order in which surgical tools are required during surgery.
Setting up and testing non-sterile equipment.
Preparing for surgery by shaving, cleaning, and disinfecting client.
Taking client’s vital signs.
Checking medical charts for the surgeon.
Transporting clients to the recovery room.
Cleaning and restocking after surgery.
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23. Licensed Nursing Personnel
Attend postsecondary education courses and pass a test.
Obtain a license through a state agency.
Licensed nurses include:
Licensed practical or vocational nurse.
Registered nurse.
Advanced practice nurse.
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24. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse
Perform care under supervision of physician or registered nurse.
Typically receives training from vocational or technical school.
Are required by all states to pass a licensing examination.
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25. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse Job Responsibilities:
Taking vital signs.
Treating bedsores.
Administering injections.
Giving enemas.
Administering medications.
Applying dressings.
Applying ice packs and hot water bottles.
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26. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse Job Responsibilities (cont.):
Inserting and caring for urinary catheters.
Assessing clients for effects of medication and treatments.
Assisting with meals.
Recording intake and output.
Helping with personal needs of clients.
Helping with emotional needs of clients.
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27. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse Job Responsibilities (cont.):
Assisting with the delivery of infants.
Caring for and feeding infants.
Supervising nursing assistants.
Helping evaluate client needs and developing care plans.
Making appointments and keeping records in physicians’ offices.
Teaching clients how to care for themselves.
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28. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Nurse
Types of registered nurses:
Hospital nurse.
Office nurse.
Nursing home nurse.
Home health nurse.
Public health nurse.
Occupational or industrial nurse.
Head or supervisory nurse.
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29. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Nurse (cont.)
Must pass national licensing exam and be licensed in state where they work.
Three training paths:
Hospital training program.
Associate degree from community college.
Bachelor of science in nursing.
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30. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Hospital Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
Providing all care given by LPN/LVNs.
Providing bedside nursing care.
Starting IVs.
Carrying out medical regimes as ordered by physicians.
Supervising LPN/LVNs and unlicensed assisting personnel.
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31. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Office Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
Providing care for outpatient clients.
Preparing clients for examinations.
Assisting physicians with examinations.
Administering injections and IV solutions.
Performing wound care.
Assisting with minor surgeries.
Maintaining documentation.
Performing routine specimen collection and lab work.
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32. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Nursing Home Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
Managing the nursing care for clients.
Filling management positions.
Participating in staff education.
Handling administrative and supervisory duties.
Assessing client’s medical conditions.
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33. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Home Health Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
Providing periodic care to clients in their homes.
Assessing the home environment for safety.
Teaching clients and their family members how to care for themselves.
Supervising the home health aide, possibly an LPN/LVN, to assist with cases.
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34. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Public Health Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
Working in the community setting.
Working with the selected populations to improve the health of the community at large.
Educating community members in health maintenance, disease prevention, nutrition, and child care.
Providing health screenings.
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35. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Occupational or Industrial Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
Providing workplace care to employees and customers.
Assessing and educating on health hazards found in the workplace.
Assisting with health examinations.
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36. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Head or Supervisory Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
Managing the department.
Planning work schedules and assigning duties.
Planning and monitoring the budget.
Supervising all personnel.
Maintaining all required records.
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37. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse
Takes advanced training to obtain advanced practice certificate or degree.
Nurse practitioner is allowed to write prescriptions with physician’s approval.
There are four specialties:
Clinical nurse specialist.
Certified registered nurse anesthetist.
Certified nurse-midwive.
Certified registered nurse practitioner.
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38. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
The Clinical Nurse Specialist is a registered nurse who specializes in a specific nursing area such as:
Gerontology (care of older clients).
Neonatology (care of prematurely born infants).
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39. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
The certified registered nurse anesthetist has additional training in the use of anesthesia.
Works in surgical suites.
Works under the supervision of an anesthesiologist or a physician who specializes in anesthesiology.
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40. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
The certified nurse-midwife assists with the delivery of infants.
Has training and expertise in the delivery process.
May assist with birth in home of client.
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41. Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
Duties depend on setting in which they work.
Many work in rural areas where access to traditional care is scarce.
May work in:
Physician’s office.
Hospital outpatient area.
Surgical area.
Acute care, clinics, or in client’s home.
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42. Section 14-1 Apply Your Knowledge #1
What are the three training paths for a registered nurse?
Answer:
Hospital diploma.
Associate’s degree.
Bachelor of science in nursing degree.
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43. Section 14-1 Apply Your Knowledge #2
One area that a clinical nurse specialist works in is gerontology. What group of people does this term reference?
Answer:
Clients over the age of 65.
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44. Procedures in Student Text
14A Admitting a Client
14B Transferring a Client
14C Discharging a Client
14D1 Making an Open or Closed Bed
14D2 Making an Occupied Bed
14E1 Measuring Oral Fluid Intake
14E2 Measuring Urinary Fluid Output
14F Positioning Clients
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45. Procedures in Student Text (cont.)
14G1 Moving a Client Up in Bed with the Client’s Assistance
14G2 Moving a Client Up in Bed Using a Turn or Lift Sheet
14H1 Transferring a Client Using a Mechanical Lift
14H2 Transferring a Client into a Wheelchair
14H3 Transferring a Conscious Client from the Bed to a Stretcher
14H4 Transferring an Unconscious Client from the Bed to a Stretcher
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46. Procedures in Student Text (cont.)
14I1 Assisting with a Bath or Shower
14I2 Performing a Partial Bed Bath
14I3 Performing a Complete Bed Bath
14J1 Providing Denture Care
14J2 Assisting with Oral Care
14J3 Performing Oral Care for a Helpless Client
14K Nail Care
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47. Procedures in Student Text (cont.)
14L1 Shampooing a Bed-Bound Client’s Hair
14L2 Brushing or Combing a Client’s Hair
14M Shaving
14N1 Providing Female Perineal Care
14N2 Providing Male Perineal Care
14O1 Changing a Client’s Gown
14O2 Undressing and Dressing a Client Who Has Limited Use of Limbs
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48. Procedures in Student Text (cont.)
14P Applying Elastic Stockings
14Q1 Providing a Bedpan
14Q2 Removing a Bedpan
14Q3 Providing a Urinal
14Q4 Removing a Urinal
14Q5 Indwelling Catheter Care
14Q6 Emptying a Catheter Drainage Bag
14Q7 Assisting with the Bedside Commode
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49. Chapter 14 Credits Slide 11 Mediscan/Visuals Unlimited
Slide 12 Jeff Bates Photography
Slide 13 David Joel/Getty Images
Slide 14 Custom Medical Stock Photo
Slide 30 Lou Bopp Photography
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