1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE II FINAL EXAM REVIEW UNIT 1: HUMAN POPULATION Final Exam will be on Wednesday June 10, 2015 The final exam is worth 20% of your final grade for the course Please bring a pen or pencil to the exam with you. Absences:  Excused absence- you will take it on the day you return  Unexcused absence- you will receive a 0 *****During the exam, if your cell phone or any electronic device is on your person, you will receive a 0!!!*****

2. UNIT 1: HUMAN POPULATION  Current world population: about 7 billion  Resources: something that lies ready for use, can be used to help us o Ex: oil, coal, minerals, trees, books, people  Sustainable: to keep in existence, maintain o Why is this important: to keep resources in existence for future populations

3. 1. Hunter Gatherer:  Nomadic- move around  Small impact on the environment- small population, didn’t stay in one place for too long

4. 2. Agricultural: Farming Settle permanently- rise of cities Plows, domestication of animals Problems- overgrazing, logging

5. 3. Industrial: Technology and factories- large amount of energy and resources Largest increase in human population- industrial revolution Increase in pollution- air, land and water

6. Human population Growth Exponential growth Advances in food production Germ Theory- bacteria and other microorganisms are the cause of disease Sterile surgery, better personal hygiene, water treatment Biomedical Revolution- increase in the use of vaccines and antibiotics The population will remain stable when birth rate equals death rate To decrease birth rate: later marriages, smaller families Strain on resources- more people means more resources are needs: space, food, supplies Health problems: disease, malnutrition, poor hygiene, lack of medical facilities Carrying Capacity: the number of people that this earth can hold Factors that determine growth rate: Immigration- people coming into an area Emigration- people leaving an area Birth rate Death rate

9. Declines in Growth Rate: Cause: disease, famine, war, education, economy Problems: aging/declining population, decreased military, decreased taxpayers Controlling Birth Rate is difficult: Religious/personal/cultural views

10. Demographics: the study of changes and trends in the human population The number and types of people that make up a population Ex: age, socioeconomic status, education Population pyramid

11. DISEASE: Pathogen: a disease causing organisms Examples of Pathogens: virus, parasite, bacteria Diseases: Malaria: caused by a mosquito, parasite- parasite (protozoa) Cholera: caused by contaminated water, bacteria Influenza: flu, virus