1. CHAPEL HILL HIGH SCHOOL ISLAND PROJECT Water: The Essential Ingredient & Thoughts for Sustainability ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

2. Respect the Nature of Water ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

3. Looking at Water as a Resource  Drinking  Washing and Bathing  Recreation & Tourism  Wildlife & Plant Life  Agriculture and Industry  Transportation  Energy Production  Heating  Cooling  Trading or selling ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

4. Can Water Be a Liability For Your Island? Severe weather deaths Flooding & storm damage Drought may limit water availability Pollution or improper treatment Attracts too many people-resources compromised Rising sea levels ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

5. Take a Watershed Approach Delineate your watersheds and sub-basins for planning and management Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

6. Environmental Inventory –Map waterways and natural springs –Map sub-basin watersheds –Identify and map endangered species –Identify and map sensitive species or areas –Map soil types –Measure and map slopes/elevations (contour map) ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

7. Land Conservation Critical habitats (essential spaces for plant and animal communities) Aquatic corridors ( floodplains, stream channels, springs, estuarine coves, shorelines, riparian forest, caves, sinkholes) Hydrologic reserves (undeveloped areas that act to store water) Cultural areas (historic/archaeological sites, scenic areas, recreational areas) Water pollution hazards (land use that has potential for polluting water) Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

8. Non-Stormwater Discharges Septic Systems/Sanitary Sewers Industrial leaks, runoff or discharges Salt from desalinization operations Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) Dumping ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

9. Without buffers- Erosion & Stream Damage ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

10. Aquatic Buffers Slow & Filter Runoff, Shade Streams, Stabilize Banks ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division Illustration of multi-species riparian buffer strip (Source: National Agroforestry Center, 2000).

11. Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division EPA File Impervious Surfaces Affect Water Quality & Flooding

12. Impervious cover may need limits ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

13. Impervious cover over 10% degrades environment ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

14. Erosion & Sediment Control Perhaps the most destructive stage of the development cycle is the relatively short period when vegetation is cleared and a site is graded in preparation to build. Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

15. Poor Erosion Control at Construction Site ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

16. Terracing to use slopes; prevent erosion ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division httpwww.worldisround.comarticles25788photo27.html

17. Terracing to use slopes; prevent erosion ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

18. Street Infiltration for Runoff Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division Photo by LID Center

19. Bioretention Cell Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

20. Rain Gardens Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division Photo by NC DENR

21. Roof Drain Disconnection/Diversion Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division Photo by Rain Water Solutions

22. Cisterns ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

23. Wet Ponds ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

24. Permeable Pavement ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

25. Green Roofs Photo by Greenroofs.com Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

26. Swales

27. Sand Filters Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

28. Street Sweeping & Surface Maintenance Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

29. Watershed Stewardship Educate residents and visitors about clean water Provide easy to follow rules and tools to protect water resources (no littering, tree protection rules, septic tank pump out required every 3-5 years, development rules, etc.) Promote water conservation and clean water activities ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division

30. How Can You Mitigate Damage to Your Island? Inventory natural resources and know what you want to protect & how. Know Slopes, Elevations and Soils. Map them! Follow strict construction BMPs. Develop for most severe weather conditions. Mitigate flooding hazards. Identify potential pollution sources. Mitigate runoff pollution. Choose water treatment processes carefully. Control visitation if necessary. Educate all workers, residents and visitors about water resources & best management practices. ©Town of Chapel Hill Stormwater Management Division