1. New Loran-C Receiver Performance Levels for Extended Range Eurofix and Kinematic Applications G.W.A. Offermans, A.W.S. Helwig, R. Kellenbach, W.J. Pelgrum, D. van Willigen Reelektronika b.v. / Reeuwijk / The Netherlands ILA 31 Washington D.C., USA, 27-30 October 2002

2. Reelektronika b.v. Overview Reelektronika’s new receiver LORADD Functional description of LORADD Measurement results Extended range Eurofix Polar flights Conclusions

3. Reelektronika b.v. LORADD Receiver Design Development was done within EC Gloria project (Gnss and LOran-c for Road and raIl Applications) Design of a (potentially) low-cost Loran-C receiver Receiver is part of a tightly-coupled integrated receiver with GPS Use of H-field antennas for urban applications Complex H-field antenna design by Reelektronika Currently, fourth generation H-field antenna design underway

4. Reelektronika b.v. Receiver characteristics DSP-type receiver allows implementation of new algorithms All-in-View Rx processes all signals that can be received Very fast acquisition Cross-rate interference rejection Continuous wave interference rejection Dual H-field antenna requires processing of two data streams

5. Reelektronika b.v. Third generation prototype

6. Reelektronika b.v. LORADD (Reelektronika) GPS receiver (NovAtel) Functional Diagram GLORIA Integrated Navigation Receiver H-field antennas (Reelektronika) GPS antenna (NovAtel) Integration Software GPS Receiver Position Out Loran-C Receiver LORADD

7. Reelektronika b.v. LORADD Functional Description DSP

8. Reelektronika b.v. LORADD Functional Description DSP

9. Reelektronika b.v. Cross-rate in Europe

10. Reelektronika b.v. Cross-rate in Europe, cnt’d

11. Reelektronika b.v. Interference Mitigation Interference source Mitigation methodPerformance Continuous waveDetect and notch ++ Atmospherics, low amplitudes Integration + Atmospherics, large amplitudes Detect and drop ++ Cross-rateDetect and drop -+ Cross-rateFiltering ++

12. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Campaign LORADD GPS Antenna LORADD Antenna Reelektronika test vehicle

13. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Campaign LORADD Play movie

14. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Results LORADD Paris, in Carpark, F, 4-9-2002 2 floors below ground

15. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Results LORADD Accuracy: 72 m (95%) ! Paris, in Carpark, F, 4-9-2002

16. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Results LORADD Reeuwijk, NL, 28-8-2002 Small axis: 5 m (95%) Long axis: 85 m (95%) Loran-C Geometry in Netherlands is BAD! Potential Loran-C positioning accuracy Accuracy: 74 m (95%)

17. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Results LORADD Reeuwijk, NL, 28-8-2002 Long axis: 85 m (95%) Loran-C Geometry in Netherlands is BAD!

18. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Results LORADD Accuracy: 33 m (95%) Munchen, D, 12-6-2002

19. Reelektronika b.v. Measurement Results LORADD Accuracy: 14 m (95%) Paris, Eiffel tower, F, 5-9-2002

20. Reelektronika b.v. Distribution of EGNOS over Loran-C EGNOS TRAN program by ESA Phase II: broadcast of EGNOS derived Eurofix messages (RTCM SC104 compatible) Phase III: broadcast of EGNOS regional area messages using new Eurofix data format Phase II installed at Sylt, Phase III expected early next year

21. Reelektronika b.v. Tracking a station at 2,000 km

22. Reelektronika b.v. 2,000 km Range Eurofix 9007X (Bø): Lost Eurofix Message Probability vs SNR Ankeveen (NL), September 13-14, 2002 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 1214161820222426 SNR (dB) # of Messages Received per 0.5 dB 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Lost Eurofix Message Probability (% ) # Messages Lost Message Probability

23. Reelektronika b.v. 2,000 km Range Benefits Polar flights offer reduced flight time, saves fuel and, relieves Atlantic Ocean slot crowding In Polar Region no Geostationary SBAS or communication available Currently, communication solved by HF radio Navigation based on GPS and IRS, no external integrity GPS integrity can be solved by extended range Eurofix through WAAS/EGNOS rebroadcast

24. Reelektronika b.v. Polar Routes Restricted Russian polar routes: Polar 1 to 4 Preferred random routing in Canada 2005: 9000+ commercial polar flights estimated Savings: Flying time: 2+ hrs Costs: US$ 16 k/flight Time slots Atlantic ‘Polar Routes Feasibility Study’, Nav Canada and FAAR, October 2000 Polar 4 Polar 3 Polar 2 Polar 1 Polar 2A

25. Reelektronika b.v. Polar Region Eurofix Stations? Russia Inta / 4970M & 5960Z / 1,200 kW Norilsk / 5960M / 1,200 kW Taimylar Peninsula / 5960X / 1,200 kW Pankratyev Island (Nova Zembla) / 4970M & 5960X / 250 kW USA & Canada Port Clarence / 7960Z & 9990Y / 1,000 kW Tok / 7960M / 560 kW Fox Harbor / 5930Z & 7270X / 800 kW Europe Jan Mayen / 7001X & 9007W / 250 kW Berlevåg / 7001Y / 250 kW

26. Reelektronika b.v. Polar Eurofix Estimated Eurofix coverage Larger ground wave attenuation Less atmospheric noise Less Cross-rate Less CWI (continuous wave interference) 4970M+5960Z 1,200 kW 4970X+5960Y 250 kW 5960X 1,200 kW 7001Y 250 kW 7270X+5930Z 800 kW 7960M 560 kW 9990Y+7960Z 1,000 kW 7001X+9007W 250 kW 9990Y+7960Z 1,000 kW

27. Reelektronika b.v. Conclusions New Loran-C receiver technology caused breakthrough in performance Fast acquisition times (10 + stations in 10 seconds) Accurate 5-sec independent TOA measurements Eurofix is up and running, and standardised 2001 – ITU-R Recommendation M.589-3 2002 – RTCM SC-104 V2.3 New services EGNOS data broadcast through Eurofix network UTC dissemination

28. Reelektronika b.v. Conclusions Reelektronika developed a prototype Loran-C/Eurofix receiver within the Gloria project (LORADD) NELS is funding the development of a miniaturized integrated Loran/GPS receiver (based on LORADD) Phase III of EGNOS TRAN project is about to start. EGNOS regional area messages will be broadcast over Eurofix