1. Prof. Juan Bruce-Novoa Dept. Spanish & Portuguese

2. México in Search of Itself 1810-21 Independence 1829 Spanish Invasion 1824-35 Political Chaos, i.e. 16 Presidents 1836 Texas Rebellion 1846-48 U.S. Invasion: Territory reduced 50% 1856-63 War of Reform 1863-7 French Invasion & Imposed Empire 1876-1910 Pax Porfiriana

3. 1.Mexican 2.National Character 3.National Style 4.National Production 5.National Consumption 6.Self-Representation 1.Spanish... US 2.Colonial Character 3.International Style 4.Foreign Marketing 5.Foreign Production 6. Misrepresentation Modernization Models of Modernity

6. CIVIL RELIGION: History as progress towards ideal fusion: Best of European & Indian: Mestizo Nation, the “natural” Logic of Evolution. USEABLE INDIAN PAST Aztec: ideal civilization lacking only Christianity. Surpassed through laws of “natural” Logic of Evolution.

7. Porfirian Mexican Evolutionary Logic 1.Elite Native Culture: Aztec Empire 2. Elite European: Greco-Roman/ Spanish 3.Enlightened Liberal, Cosmopolitan Positivism Heroic Protagonists 1.Cuauhtémoc: native nobility 2.Hidalgo: Independence 3.Juárez: Liberty 4.Díaz: Peace & Progress

8. WORLD FAIRISM International Stages for Performing Nationalism & Modernity New Orleans 1884Paris 1900

11. Cuauhtémoc

13. Staging Local Modernity: URBANISM & CITY PLANNING 1. Totalizing Jesuit theory of planned environment 2. A nation’s historical & moral qualities expressed in their products, especially architecture. 3. Epitome of civilized character  organization of social space: the city. 4. Urbanization to remedy inherited chaos. 5. City Planning of harmonious future.

14. Owen Buckingham Pemberton Smith

15. Victorian Gothic Revival Charles Barry &Augustus Welby Pugin. 1840-60. John Ruskin: The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849) Moral superiority of Gothic; nostalgia for ideal Christian past

16. Washington D.C.

17. Georges-Eugène, Baron Haussmann Paris Urbanization, 1853-1870 Replace Medieval chaos with order. Facilitate movement & new sense of space and how to experience it. a. Wide streets: boulevards b. Monumental buildings at key sites c. New Technologies d. Sense of total organization = social order as product spacial orientation

18. Mexico City: 19 th Century 1793 1876 1892 1901 1909

19. Palacio de Minería 1813

20. Classic Vs Gothic?

21. Parisian UrbanU.S. Urban

22. “El Caballito”: Site of Memory Monument to Carlos IV (1796-1803)

23. 1855 1870 18871887 1891

25. Residence in Colonial Roma 1890s 1904: Official Government Architectural Policy of Eclecticism: Meet Universal Structural needs with Unlimited Exterior Choice; Architect as Civil Servant to administer to the Common Good

26. Classical Non-Classical Building Construction Years Architectural Styles

28. School of Mines 1813 Secretariat of Communications and Public Works 1910

29. Central de Correos 1910

30. Cámara de Diputados, 1910

31. Monument to Cuauhtémoc 1887 Angel of Independence 1910 P A S E O De la R E F O R M A 1840 PARIS

32. 1908

33. Boulevard As Museum of National History

35. Family as National Allegory : Building a Future on Solid Present Celebrated in 1910 Independence Centenary

37. 1910 Centenary of Mexican Independence

38. 1910 La B o l a GOITIAGOITIA

39. Herrán´s Azuela´s Mexican Family in Family Underdogs