1. The Origins of American Politics 1789-1820 U.S. History I

2. Washington Heads the New Government  April 30, 1789: George Washington sworn in as 1 st President of the United States of America.

3. Washington’s Administration:  John Adams: Vice President  Edmund Randolph: Attorney General  Henry Knox: Secretary of War  Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State  Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of the Treasury

4. George Washington’s confidence in the new government- “That the government, though not absolutely perfect, is one of the best in the world, I have little doubt…It was indeed next to a miracle that there should have been so much unanimity (agreement), in points of Citizens, so widely scattered, and so different in their habits in many respects as the Americans were.” “That the government, though not absolutely perfect, is one of the best in the world, I have little doubt…It was indeed next to a miracle that there should have been so much unanimity (agreement), in points of Citizens, so widely scattered, and so different in their habits in many respects as the Americans were.”

5. Lasting impact of the Revolutionary War:  Sec of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton  Goal: pay off debts & make country economically stable

6. Hamilton’s Economic Plan:  National gov’t assumed the debts acquired by the states during the war  Tariff would raise money -Tax on imported goods (whiskey tax) -Paid creditors interest  Est. the Bank of the United States in 1791

7. First Bank of the United States

8. The nation’s new capitol: Washington D.C.

10. Whiskey Rebellion  Western settlers’ uprising over the tax on whiskey.  Washington declares martial law…heads out with 12,000 men to end the revolt George WashingtonGeorge Washington and his troops near Fort Cumberland, Maryland, before their march to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania.Fort Cumberland A tax collector is tarred and feathered during the Whiskey Rebellion

11. Hamilton vs. Jefferson Loose Construction Loose Construction –(Federalists) Strict Construction Strict Construction –(Jeffersonian Republicans)

12. Americans Split Over the French Revolution  Citizen Edmond Genet: French minister to the US. Mission: win Americans’ support for French  Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality (pg. 5 packet)

13. Jay’s Treaty Chief Justice John Jay Between the US and Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the Northwest Territory

14. The Election of 1796 Washington chose not to run for a 3 rd term 1 st true election: John Adams (Federalists) VS. Thomas Jefferson (Republicans)

15. 2 nd President=Adams/VP=Jefferson

16. Adams as President French angry about Jay’s Treaty –“Quasi-War” Seize American ships in French harbors Rioting in Philadelphia Wave of Immigrants –French: escaping “Reign of Terror” –Irish: anti-British

17. X,Y,Z Affair Elbridge Gerry, Charles Pinckney, John Marshall: go to Paris to patch things up Meet “secret agents” X,Y,Z – –Demand $250,000 cash and $10 loan in order to meet with the French foreign minister

19. The bribe and riot in Philadelphia convinced Adams and the Federalists that France was no longer a friend of the United States! VS

20. The Age of Jefferson

21. March 4, 1801: Sworn in as 3 rd President Thomas Jefferson is the first President inaugurated in the new capital city of Washington D.C.

22. First Inaugural Address (don’t need to copy down) Essential Principles of Government  “equal and exact justice to all men”  “peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations”  “the support of state governments”  “the preservation of general government”  punishment for those who choose to revolt  compliance with the decisions of the majority

23. Essential Principles of Government Cont… (don’t need to copy down)  “a well disciplined militia”  honest payment of debts  maintaining a sound economy  proper distribution of information  freedom of religion  freedom of the press

24. Jeffersonian Philosophy Strict interpretation of Constitution=weak central gov’t Small gov’t and less taxes Agricultural society Sided with the French Presidency with no trappings

25. John Marshall’s Court (1801-1835) Sought to increase Court’s and fed. gov’t power Sought to increase Court’s and fed. gov’t power Federalist ideas Federalist ideas Marbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison Judicial review Judicial review McCullough v. Maryland McCullough v. Maryland Implied powers Implied powers

26. Supreme Court Chambers

27. Louisiana Purchase France secretly acquired territory in 1800 Napoleon willing to sell for war $ Mission sent to buy N.O. Bought the whole territory for $15 million Purchasing land not mentioned in Constitution

28. April 30, 1803  Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris  The United States paid $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents per acre  The purchase added 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi to the United States  July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly announced

30. Lewis and Clark lead the Corps of Discovery… January 18, 1803  Jefferson asks Congress for funds to explore the land west of the Mississippi  His goal is to find a water route to the Pacific May 1804  Meriwether Lewis and William Clark depart on the expedition

31. Into the Unknown…

32. Barbary Wars May 1801  Pasha of Tripoli declares war with the U.S. b/c President Jefferson refused to make the immediate payment of $225,000 and the annual payment of $25,000.  On the 20 th Jefferson sent the first naval fleet to the area. The ships included the President, Philadelphia, Essex and Enterprise

33. Maps of Barbary Wars & Tripoli

35. 1803 – Jefferson faces much criticism for his decisions made regarding the war The Philadelphia runs aground in the Tripoli Harbor and it crew and captain are taken captive He is forced to make several command changes.

36. Realizing that there was no way to recapture the Philadelphia, Commodore Preble devises a plan to destroy the ship February 4, 1804 the Philadelphia was destroyed. August 3, 1804 the first attack against Tripoli took place when the Constitution’s guns fired on the city. September 1804 – the final battle took place in the Tripoli Harbor

37. September 1804 – Commodore Barron arrived with backup for Commodore Preble  Commodore Barron, who is senior in rank to Preble, continued the blockade and started looking for a new way to peace  Shortly after Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore Preble retired June 4, 1805 after the Pasha of Tripoli had been replaced, a treaty was made with the United States and the prisoners were released.