1. E-books and Interlibrary Loan Claudia Holland, Head, Scholarly Communication and Copyright Office, George Mason University Anne C. Osterman, VIVA Director 17 July 2015 17 th Annual VIVA Interlibrary Loan Community Forum

2. Some Responses to the Advent & Growth of E-books Collections purchase options Demand from patrons Increase in ILL requests? Copyright exceptions Flickr photo by Mike Lecht. Mrs. Duffee Seated on a Striped Sofa, Reading Her Kindle, After Mary Cassatt. 25 July 2010.Mrs. Duffee Seated on a Striped Sofa, Reading Her Kindle, After Mary Cassatt

3. U.S. Copyright & E-Books: a viewpoint Print TangiblePurchase an item First sale doctrine applies ILL covered E-books IntangiblePay for a service First sale doctrine inapplicable ILL not covered w/out license After Müller 2012

4. Publishers have greater control over information Costs of or prohibitions on international borrowing or lending Additional licensing restrictions Managing and negotiating licenses Titles being dropped & added Fear of making a mistake or simply unaware of content that can be shared Challenges of Sharing E-books PixabayPixabay.CC0 Public domain

5. The Ethics of Resource Sharing  In-house policies and procedures  E-book licensing limitations  Charging fees due to costs associated with lending online resources  Environmental impact  Fair use

6. Resource Fairness (is it always fair?) Some competin g interests Local and distant user Authors and publishers Students and faculty Copyright holder and user After Posner 2012

8. E-books and ILL Policy and Perceptions Survey Whole e-book lending No (94%) Yes (1%) Other (5%) E-book chapter lending No (33%) Yes (51%) Never receive requests (11%) Other (5%) Delivery mode for e-book chapters DL as PDF file & sent electronically (n=56) Printed chapter(s), scanned or mailed (n=20) After Zhu & Shen 2014

9. Flickr photo by Timo Noko. Electronic Book. 27 January 2009.Electronic Book

10. VIVA’S ROLE

11. VIVA ILL Contract Provisions http://www.vivalib.org/interlibraryloan/illrights.html

12. VIVA Resources CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics and EngNetBase Over 2,300 e-books; chapters are individual PDFs Send secure electronic copy allowed

13. VIVA Resources PsycBooks Over 4,000 e-books; chapters are individual PDFs Send secure electronic copy allowed, but must be an image only (such as through Ariel or Odyssey)

14. VIVA Resources Springer e-books 2005, 2013-2015, currently around 6,300 titles Send secure electronic copy allowed: chapter-level, non- commercial only

15. VIVA Resources Elsevier e-books 2013 and 2014 Backlists, around 1,650 titles total Send secure electronic copy allowed: chapter-level, non- commercial only, United States only

16. VIVA Resources Oxford Scholarship Online e-books 2015 Frontlist, currently around 375 titles Send secure electronic copy allowed: chapter-level, non- commercial only

17. VIVA Holdings in the WorldCat KB The central office has selected collections shared by the public institutions Some collections are standard and some are customized for the consortium (these begin with “VIVA”)

18. VIVA Holdings in the WorldCat KB Collection properties include ILL rights.

19. VIVA Holdings in the WorldCat KB Resources have been mapped from the VIVA vendor and product to the WCKB collection and provider http://www.vivalib.org/interlibraryloan/wckb.html

20. THE FUTURE OF WHOLE E-BOOK LENDING?

21. Occam’s Reader Built by the Greater Western Library Alliance (GWLA) An add-on to the ILLiad client that uploads an e-book, converts it from PDF format to an image file, and generates an email to the borrowing library with log-in credentials The generated file is a plain image An authorization token in the email ensures that access to the file on the Occam’s Reader server will expire

22. The ILLiad Add-on Slide content provided by Joni Blake, GWLA

23. The Conversion Software Slide content provided by Joni Blake, GWLA Generates, archives, and uploads images

24. The Viewer Viewable on any device with an Internet connection Ability to zoom, rotate, changes pages, and jump to pages Slide provided by Joni Blake, GWLA

25. Occam’s Reader Timeline 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Planning Begins GLWA Launches eBook Lending Task Force; first Occam’s Reader planning meetings happen Proof of Concept Proof of concept is demonstrated to GWLA Deans at their Fall meeting Pilot Project Springer-GWLA pilot project begins; first live transaction recorded on April 7 th ; over 250 eBooks shared by the end of the calendar year Expansion Pilot project continues through June; over 800 eBooks lent so far; design begins for Occam’s Reader 2.0; plans to expand libraries and publishers are announced Alpha Testing Alpha testing begins in the Spring, and major publisher expresses interest in the project in the Fall Slide content provided by Joni Blake, GWLA

26. The loan period for chapters is set at 90 days; this is the accepted timeframe for ILL currently Chapter loan period At NO point do we share or collect patron information We share only the citation information of the book and the library that requested and filled the item Loan and Request Details The loan period for full books is set at 14 days. This was an agreed upon, but somewhat arbitrary number Full Book loan period We are allowed to send both chapters of books and the full book during the pilot Chapters and Full books We do share some data with Springer as part of our agreement to get access and permission to lend eBooks Request details Slide content provided by Joni Blake, GWLA Pilot Terms

27. Occam’s Reader Pilot Statistics, March 2014-Present 964,655 Springer eBooks among 33 GWLA Libraries 113,854 distinct Springer titles Average time on site 30+ minutes Over 800 books have been lent Slide content provided by Joni Blake, GWLA

28. Occam’s Reader 2.0 System Features Improved Statistical Tracking With the dedicated transmission system, we can enhance the accuracy of the data we send to the publishers Secure Transmission System We are working to design a transmission system to work independently of OCLC to allow for faster requesting and faster fulfillment Enhanced Image Conversion Process We have improved the speed in which the Occam’s Reader client converts the images and sends them to the server Refined Discovery Layer We are working to refine the discovery layer to allow for faster searching and locating of eBooks ILLiad and non-ILLiad Next version of Occam’s Reader will support both ILLiad and non-ILLiad libraries Expand Library and Publisher Participation We want to add all the libraries to the project that wish to join. We have also contacted other publishers to evaluate their interest Slide content provided by Joni Blake, GWLA

29. Includes the ability to export a citation Supports a responsive design Includes a recommend for purchase Incorporates a thumbnail browser Provides a watermarking option Adds touchscreen functionality Slide content provided by Joni Blake, GWLA Occam’s Reader 2.0 Viewer Features

30. References ALA 2012 ALA DCWG Tip Sheet: An informational resource from the Digital Content and Libraries Working Group of the American Library Association. Digital Rights Management. No. 1. Available online ??? Anthony, Carolyn 2015 ALA’s DCWG, Ebooks, and Directions: Success brings new challenges. American Libraries. 27 May 2015. Available online http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/27/alas-dcwg-ebooks-and-directions/. http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/27/alas-dcwg-ebooks-and-directions/ Gottschalk, George 2015 Making Progress in Digital Content. American Libraries. 1 July 2015. Available online http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/blogs/e-content/making-progress-in-digital-content/. http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/blogs/e-content/making-progress-in-digital-content/ Lynch, Clifford A. 2013 Ebooks in 2013: Promises broken, promises kept, and Faustian bargains. American Libraries Digital Supplement. 24 June 2013. Available onlinehttp://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2013/06/24/ebooks-in-2013/.http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2013/06/24/ebooks-in-2013/ Müller, Harald 2012 Legal aspects of e-books and interlibrary loan. Interlending & Document Supply 40(3): 150-155. Emerald Group Publishing. DOI 10.1108/02641611211258226.

31. References (cont’d) Posner, Beth 2012 The ethics of library resource sharing in the digital age. Interlending & Document Supply 40(2): 119-124. Emerald Group Publishing. DOI 10.1108/02641611211239614. Zhu, Xiaohua and Lan Shen 2014 A survey of e-book interlibrary loan policy in US academic libraries. Interlending & Document Supply 42(2/3): 57-63. Emerald Group Publishing. DOI 10.1108/ILDS-05-2014-0025.

32. Questions?