1. CORE ZOO

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Will biometric characteristics within a zoo menagerie change with the addition of good and bad quality biometric enrollments? RESEARCH QUESTION/HYPOTHESIS

4. Biometric menageries are used to classify subjects based on biometric matching to their own template and to others There are many different types of zoo’s, like the Doddington zoo and the Dunstone and Yager zoo, and they all differ from each other STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

5. LITERATURE REVIEW

6. Biometrics refers to recognizing individuals based on behavioral and physical characteristics such as fingerprints and facial features These biometrics can be used to identify and relate one’s features to themselves and to others BIOMETRICS

7. Fingerprints are more commonly used over every other type of biometric, especially when comparing with zoo menageries Fingerprints have many “minutiae points” across the surface of the finger which are used to compare and identify who a fingerprint belongs to FINGERPRINTS

8. Quality can be tested by a number of different factors, the fidelity image, the utility image, and the character image Fidelity checks the degree of similarity between the sample and its user Utility assesses the overall impact on the system Character represents features from a biometric sample Higher quality images tend to perform better in a recognition system High quality fingerprints have well-defined ridge structures, good global and local features as well as no abrasions, residues, cuts, or creases from age [4] FINGERPRINT QUALITY

9. These zoo menageries are created by matching a person’s biometric sample against a population. If they are not the same person’s fingerprint it is given an imposter or genuine score that describes them as imposters or genuine These scores determine your zoo classification IMPOSTER AND GENUINE SCORES

10. Zoo menageries were created because there are still flaws within biometrics They characterize people as different animals depending on how well their fingerprint compares to another There are two main types of zoo menageries, the Doddington zoo and the Dunstone Yeager zoo ZOO MENAGERIES

11. Measures individual scores based on how well a user matches to those in a specific dataset [8] Characterizes people as sheep, wolves, goats, or lambs Sheep match well with their own template Wolves match well with others Goats don’t match themselves well Lambs match with other people but not themselves DODDINGTON ZOO

12. The Dunstone and Yager Zoo is created by matching a person’s biometric sample against the data set Measures the relationship between a user’s genuine and impostor match results [5] Characterizes people as worms, phantoms, chameleons, and doves Worms match to others well but not to themselves Phantoms don’t match well with anybody Chameleons match to themselves and others well Doves match to themselves well but not to others DUNSTONE AND YAGER ZOO

13. The subject is given an average genuine based on their match results to themselves and an impostor match score based on their match results to others These scores determine what zoo classification each subject belongs in GENUINE/IMPOSTOR SCORES

14. Phantoms WormsChameleons Doves

15. Davis Wittman did a study that shows that zoo animals do exist in biometric measurements Found outliers in facial recognition that closely resemble other people as well as ones that do not match well to themselves DOES A ZOO EXIST?

16. Wittman et al [6] did a study that shows that zoo animals do exist in biometric measurements Found outliers in facial recognition that closely resemble other people as well as ones that do not match well to themselves WEAKNESS OF THE ZOO

17. DOVES GHGH GLGL IHIH ILIL Top 25% Bottom 25% Genuine Impostor

18. WORMS GHGH GLGL IHIH ILIL Top 25% Bottom 25% Genuine Impostor

19. CHAMELEONS GHGH GLGL IHIH ILIL Top 25% Bottom 25% Genuine Imposture

20. PHANTOMS GHGH GLGL IHIH ILIL Top 25% Bottom 25% Genuine Imposture

21. METHODOLOGY

22. Core – D1 – Original dataset from O’Connor’s thesis Dataset 2 – D2 – additional data set from Benny Dataset 3 – D3 – additional data set from DHS Top- Top 25% of images in terms of quality Bottom – Bottom 25% of images in terms of quality CLASSIFICATIONS OF DATA SETS

23. The datasets were combined into groups as shown below: 1. Core plus dataset 2 top as well as core plus dataset 2 bottom (C+D2T and C+D2B) Results are in one table 2. Core plus dataset 3 top as well as core plus dataset 3 bottom (C+D3T and C+D3B) Results are in one table 3. Core plus dataset 2 + 3 top (C+D2T+D3T) 4. Core plus dataset 2 + 3 bottom (C+D2B+D3B) Results for 3 and 4 are in one table METHODOLOGY

24. HARDWARE USED Crossmatch Guardian Fingerprint sensor

25. Filemaker Database of Samples OWR Bio-Metrics Used to check zoo placement Megamatcher Fingerprint matching and quality scores SOFTWARE USED

26. RESULTS

27. 154 subjects in Core 17 subjects added from Dataset 2 for top and bottom 20 subjects added from Dataset 3 for top and bottom RESULTS

28. Core + Bottom 25%CoreCore + Top 25% IDClassificationIDClassificationIDClassification 358Normal358Phantoms358Phantoms 652Normal652Phantoms652Normal 677Normal677Phantoms677Normal 697Normal697Phantoms697Normal 704Normal704Doves704Normal 721Normal721Doves721Normal 724Chameleons724Chameleons724Normal 741Normal741Normal741Worms 742Normal742Phantoms742Phantoms 743Normal743Normal743Chameleons 747Normal747Phantoms747Normal 839Normal839Phantoms839Normal RESULTS OF CORE + D2

29. Core + Bottom 25%CoreCore + Top 25% IDCategoryIDCategoryIDCategory 239Worm239Normal239Normal 302Dove302Dove302Normal 358Normal358Phantom358Phantom 359Chameleon359Chameleon359Normal 724Chameleon724Chameleon724Normal 726Chameleon726Chameleon726Normal 737Worm737Worm737Normal 740Phantom740Normal740Phantom 743Chameleon743Normal743Normal 775Normal775Normal775Phantom 839Normal839Phantom839Phantom RESULTS OF CORE + D3

30. RESULTS OF CORE + D2 + D3 Core + Bottom 25%CoreCore + Top 25% IDCategoryIDCategoryIDCategory 302Dove302Dove302Normal 358Normal358Phantom358Phantom 359Chameleon359Chameleon359Normal 677Phantom677Phantom677Normal 686Phantom686Phantom686Normal 697Phantom697Phantom697Normal 704Dove704Dove704Normal 721Dove721Dove721Normal 724Chameleon724Chameleon724Normal 726Chameleon726Chameleon726Normal 740Phantom740Normal740Normal 741Normal741Normal741Worm 743Chameleon743Normal743Chameleon 747Phantom747Phantom747Normal 839Normal839Phantom839Normal

31. EXAMPLE SUBJECT 839

32. SUBJECT 839 CORE GROUP

33. SUBJECT 839 + D2 TOP

34. SUBJECT 839 + D2 BOTTOM

35. SUBJECT 839 + D3 TOP

36. SUBJECT 839 + D3 BOTTOM

37. SUBJECT 839 + D2 + D3 TOP

38. SUBJECT 839 + D2 + D3 BOTTOM

39. Low quality images tend to add subjects with low genuine scores and low imposter scores High quality images tend to add subjects with average to high genuine scores and low imposter scores Low quality additions also shifted the entire plot lower on the genuine axis OBSERVATIONS

40. CONCLUSIONS

41. Image quality does have some effect on the zoo characteristics of fingerprints Up to 10% of subjects changed zoo animals Even though the impostor scores have minimal change, subjects are still changing animal classifications CONCLUSIONS

42. Use larger and more variable populations such as top and bottom 25% together Are subjects stable when adding animal classifications from other datasets? Examine with fat plots instead of categorical analysis Can systems combine and still have the same results? – Interoperability of the zoo FUTURE WORK

43. REFERENCES