1. Discussion Opener on Session G:Production Technology And Natural Resource Management Tahlim Sudaryanto Indonesian Center for Agriculture Socio Economic and Policy Studies

2. 1. Learning from Rapid Growth of Selected Asian Countries  Key factors driving rapid growth in Chinese and Indian Agriculture: 1. Diversification toward high value agriculture 2. Rapid development and adoption of new agricultural technologies 3. Policy reform toward more open economy

3.  Negative impact on environment similar to the experience of many other Asian Countries during the early green revolution  For future work, it is also interesting..to analyze the case of “unsuccesfull story” drawn from experience of other Asian Countries. Therefore, we have a complete story of both sucessfull and unsuccesfull cases in agricultural development

4. 2. Technology and Agriculture R&D Policy  Agriculture technology, assuming it is adopted may have several impacts: 1. More direct impact in term of the increase on food production for their own consumption use or output for the market 2. More indirect impact in term of: increase employment and wages, opportunity to migrate to other more growing regions, and lower food prices

5.  Literatures on the impact of the green revolution have shown that new technology on rice farming has been more easily and widely adopted in more favourable environments, i.e. Irrigated regions. However, their is an equalizing mechanism by which poor household in marginal areas (rainfed, upland, swampy,etc) may also get benefit by migrating as laborer in irrigated areas.

6.  To enhance benefit of new technology for the poor: 1. Technology development should be focussed in the site where poverty exist and the program should respond directly to site specific problems 2. More participatory in approach to accomodate the perception and willingness of poor people

7.  To accelerate development and dissemination of technology, we need to promote decentralization of agricultural research system  Access of poor farmers to new technology, is expected to increase accordingly

8. 3. Water resource management  Need to promote more integrated water manage ment having a balance among economic, social, and environment function of water resources  More decentralized and participatory water management involving community group in term of managing water resources for local use as well as sharing to finance water resource investment (example: farmer group sharing to finance ground water and pump irrigation investment)

9.  To promote access of farmer to water resources, then we need to consider exclussion of water pricing policy for this group  In the short run, priority of irrigation investment should be focussed on rehabilitation of the available infrastructure