2. Physical Science CHAPTER 23 Waves

3. Waves transmit energy!!! Mechanical Vs. Electromagnetic Waves

4. Mechanical Waves Need medium (gas, liquid, solid) Examples: Sound, water waves

5. Electromagnetic Waves No medium needed. Example: Visible Light (ROYGBIV), Ultraviolet, Infrared, Microwaves, etc…

6. http://www.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/ALSTool/EMSpec/EMSpec2.html

7. 3 main characteristics of all Waves 1. Amplitude (high amplitude means high energy) 2. Wavelength (Unit: meters) 3. Frequency Units: cycles/sec Waves/sec 1/s Hertz (Hz)

8. Frequency Example Problem 1.A boy standing on a dock counts 20 waves pass by in 5 seconds. What is the frequency of the waves? f = #waves / time 20 waves / 5 seconds = 4 Hz

9. Frequency Example Problem #2 2.If the frequency of the waves is increased to 8 Hz, how many waves will pass by the boy in 2 seconds? f = #waves / time 8 Hz = #waves / 2 seconds 8 Hz x 2 seconds = 16 waves

10. MECHANICAL WAVES (2 TYPES) TRANSVERSE WAVES LONGITUDINAL WAVES

11. SURFACE WAVES http://www.gmi.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html

12. TRANSVERSE WAVE

13. LONGITUDINAL WAVE

14. SPEED OF WAVES speed = frequency x wavelength v = f x λ Example #1 A wave on a lake is traveling with a velocity of 8 m/s. the frequency is 2 Hz. What is the wavelength of this wave? 8 m/s = 2 Hz x λ λ = 4 m

15. The Type Of Medium Determines the Speed of The WAVE!! Higher Density = Slower Speed of Wave Higher Elasticity = Faster Speed of Wave

16. THE 4 BASIC WAVE INTERACTIONS ARE: 1. REFLECTION 2. REFRACTION 3. DIFFRACTION 4. INTERFERENCE

17. 1. REFLECTION Bouncing back of waves upon reaching another surface.

18. THE LAW OF REFLECTION STATES THAT THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE IS EQUAL TO THE ANGLE OF REFLECTION.

19. 2. REFRACTION Bending of waves due to a change in speed.

20. 3. DIFFRACTION Bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle.

21. 4. INTERFERENCE 1. CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE When waves combine and produce a wave that is greater than either of the waves alone.

22. 2. DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE When waves combine and produce a wave that is less than either wave alone.

23. Applet Interference by 3 waves simultaneously. http://www.chipr.sunysb.edu/eserc/ProjectJava/WaveInteractionApplet/ Another wave website to look at: http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/pwave.htm

24. STANDING WAVES RESONANT FREQUENCY (or natural frequency) The frequency at which a standing wave occurs.

25. RESONANCE The ability of an object to vibrate by absorbing energy of its own natural frequency. Video clip of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge November 1940 http://www.gmi.edu/~drussell/Demos.html http://www.gmi.edu/~drussell/Demos.html

26. NODES Stationary points of a standing wave. ANTINODES Loops of a standing wave where maximum oscillation of the medium occurs.