1. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 CHAPTER 6 BE KIND TO SUBSTITUTES WEEK ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical by Leila R. Smith Presentation design by Barbara Moran

2. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 After completing Chapter 6, you will Use pronouns according to Standard English principles

3. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 A word that substitutes for a noun is a pronoun. A pronoun refers to a person or thing previously named by a noun.

4. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Billy gave the substitute teacher an apple, apple, but it contained a worm! I cockadoodle do! No one one wants apples with worms in them!

5. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 No one one wants apples with worms in them! I cockadoodle do! If a noun or pronoun tells who/what a sentence is about, this is “subjective case.”

6. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 What about me? If a noun or pronoun is used in a sentence as an object, this is “objective case.” No one one wants apples with worms in them!

7. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Here are “subject” pronouns he she I who we they you it whoever

8. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 “Object” pronouns can be the object of a verb or of a preposition. you her him them whomever us me it whom

9. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Pronouns showing ownership are “possessive case” your, yours hers his our, ours my, mine their, theirs its whose

10. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Pronouns that reflect back are reflective compounds They selected it themselves. (NEVER theirselves, themselves, or other such combination!) He made it himself. (NEVER hisself!) I did it myself. You are responsible for yourselves. Some examples:

11. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Imagine it omitted… Most errors occur when two or more pronouns appear together (or with a noun). So remove one and see how it sounds! Eric and I will be using the computer. (CORRECT) Eric and me will be using the computer. I will be using the computer. (sounds better) ----------

12. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Imagine it omitted… Most errors occur when two or more pronouns appear together (or with a noun). So remove one and see how it sounds! Give the report to Pat and me today. (CORRECT) Give the report to Pat and I today. Give the report to Give the report to me today. (sounds better) I today. ----------

13. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Him and me went to the fair. WRONG! (Would you say “Him went to the fair” or “Me went to the fair”?) He and I went to the fair. Us students went alone. WRONG! (Would you say “Us went alone”?) We students went alone.

14. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Imagine it completed… If you aren’t sure whether to use subject or object pronouns when “understood” words are missing, mentally complete it. I sold more tickets than she. I sold more tickets than (she (she or her). Mentally picture the word did did at the end. I sold more tickets than (she (she or her) her) did. I sold more tickets than her her did. I sold more tickets than she she did. WRONG!

15. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Imagine it completed… If you aren’t sure whether to use subject or object pronouns when “understood” words are missing, mentally complete it. My son likes rap better than I.I. WRONG! My son likes rap better than (I (I or me). Mentally picture the word do do at the end. My son likes rap better than (I (I or me) do. My son likes rap better than me me do do. My son likes rap better than II II do do.

16. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Did you knowthat Did you know that you don’t use apostrophes with possessive nouns such as its, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs –What happened to its tail? (not it’s tail) –The hat is hers. (not her’s) –Whose work is best? (not Who’s) –That report is theirs. (not theirs’)

17. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 WHO/WHOM IT’S EASY WHEN YOU KNOW HOW Who Whoooo Who Whooom?

18. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Mentally replace who who or whom whom with he he or him. him. If he fits, use who/whoever. If him him sounds right, use whom/whomever. (Both him him and whom whom end with m-- a good device for remembering)

19. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 John is the supervisor (who/whom) gave me the package. Think: He gave me the package, not Him gave me the package John is the supervisor gave me the package.

20. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The advertising copy has been written by David Blank who/whom we all know well. The advertising copy has been written by David Blank we all know well. him

21. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Indefinite pronouns don’t refer to a definite person or thing. each every either neither everyone someone anyone no one one everybody Avoid the common mistake of mixing singulars with plurals…

22. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Every student must bring his or her own dictionary to class. Each woman should have her own cellular phone. (not their) Everyone should complete his/her assignments before Friday. (not their)

23. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Every student must bring a dictionary to class. Each person should have a cellular phone. Better yet! (less awkward) Please complete assignments before Friday.

24. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 use pronouns according to the principles of Standard English.