1. Chapter 23: The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West
AP World History
Mr. Toma
Midwest City High School

2. The Age of Revolution Age of Revolution (1776-1848)
American Revolution 1775
French Revolution 1789
What contributes?
Intellectual challenge, commercial growth, population pressure, tense politics

3. Forces of Change Three forces working to disrupt Europe Cultural force
Commercialization
Population revolution
Protoindustralization
Social changes throughout Europe

4. The American Revolution
New taxes and trade controls after 1763
Taxation Without Representation
Declaration of Independence of 1776
Issued by the new American government
American Constitution in 1789

5. French Revolution
Louis XVI called for a parliamentary meeting about tax reform
New assembly calls for one vote per head
New middle-class assembly becomes a political regime
Manorialism abolished: Peasents were given title to lands, church property seized, Bastille stormed July 14, 1789
New constitution with new individual rights, Kings power limited.

6. French Radicals Reign of Terror (1792-1795)
Led by Maximilien Robespierre
Use of the guillotine
Prosecuted the king in 1792
1794“Cult of the Supreme Being” (Civic Religion)
Second purge let to his execution.
Pushed revolutionary reforms
Nationalism

7. French Authoritarians
Napoleon Bonaparte, converted France to an authoritarian empire.
Devoted most attention to expansion abroad.
Held or controlled most of western Europe by 1812
1812- France begins to fail (invasion of Russia fails)
Spread revolutionary ideas and legislation
Encouraged nationalism

8. Napoleon’s Empire in 1812

9. Revolutionary Legacy 1815, Congress of Vienna= peace settlement
Territorial adjustments
Growing political movements
Conservatives, Liberals, Radicals
Greek Revolution of 1820
Belgian Revolution of 1830
French Revolution of 1830
Reform Bill of 1832

10. Industrialization and 1848 Revolutions
Industrial Revolution
Chartist Movement
Revolts in Germany, Austria, Hungary
Democracy in France
Failures of revolutions
Industrial class structure

11. Adjustments to Industrial Life
Railroads and canals were constructed and linked cities throughout Europe.
Family life adjusted to urbanization.
Louis Pasteur discovered germs.
The number of corporations in Europe doubled.
Peasant protests declined.

12. Industrialization in Europe, 1850

13. Political Trends and New Nations
Many Western leaders worked to reduce the need for political revolution after 1850.
Nationalism in Italy and Germany
Kingdom of Italy established 1861
Germany unification in 1871
American Civil War
Most Western nations had a parliamentary system by 1870s.

14. Unification of Italy

15. Unification of Germany 1815-1871

16. Government Functions
Civil service examinations in all governments(ability over bloodline)
Governments extended regulations (factory safety, immigration, etc)
Schooling expanded (compulsory to age12)
By 1900, 90-95% of Western Europeans and Americans were literate
Governments introduce welfare measures
The “Social Question” (socialism and feminist movements)

17. Socialism Rise of Socialism in Germany by Karl Marx
Class struggle = group out of power (propertyless proletariat) vs. group controlling the means of production (bourgeoisie)
Grievances of proletariat will lead to revolution; full freedom will be achieved
Class struggle would end because class systems would be eliminated
Socialist parties extend to Austria, France

18. More Challenges
Revisionism- argument that Marx’s ideas were wrong and success could be achieved by peaceful means
Feminist movements, 1900s
Suffrage in 1918 for USA, Germany, Britain
Most movements came from middle class women

19. Cultural Transformations
White-collar labor force grows in the working class
Secretaries, clerks, salespeople
Widespread advertising promoted products
Bicycle fad of the 1880’s
Mass leisure culture
Theatre, comedy routines, entertainment
Team sports
Soccer, football, baseball
1896- Olympic games

20. Advances in Scientific Knowledge
1859- Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of the Species
All living species evolved and adapted in order to survive
Albert Einstein- theory of relativity
Time as a factor in physical measurement
Sigmund Freud- study of the human subconscious

21. New Directions in Art
Romanticism- emotion is key to human experience and nature, not reason and generalization.
Art- intense passion, madness, interest in literature
Writers- to move readers to tears, not debate
Poetry- did not have to rhyme
Art and Sculpture- more and more abstract
Goya’s Saturn Devouring His Children

22. Western Settler Societies
Industrial Revolution created the need for new markets and the need for new raw materials and agricultural products.
Industrialization of the West’s military
Repeating rifle and machine gun
Steamships
Massive European emigration
Many societies were immigrant majorities

23. Emerging Power of U.S. Monroe Doctrine, 1823 Louisiana Purchase, 1803
America as a symbol of freedom
American Civil War
Industrial North, growing farms vs. Slave-holding, plantation growing South
Disputes over slaveholding
Accelerated industrialization

24. European Settlements
European immigrants settled in Canada, Australia, New Zealand in the 19th century
Canada won by Britain from France in 18th century
Granted self-rule in 1839 from Britain
Britain established colonies in 1788 in Australia
By 1840, Australia has 140,000 European immigrants
New Zealand was taken control over by the British in 1840

25. Early 19th-century Settlements

26. Diplomatic Tensions and the New Alliance System
Imperialist expansion fed the sense of rivalry between nation-states
1907- Most European nations were in one of two alliance systems.
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente- Britain, Russia, France
Artillery levels and naval forces grew steadily
Germany concerned about facing enemies on east and west

28. World War I
Small Balkan nations won independence from the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century
1912 and Balkan nations engaged in two internal wars
Serbia didn’t gain as much territory as they thought it should be granted
1914- Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist
Russia mobilized its troops against Austria
World War I begins on August 1st, 1914