1. Jim Kolmer Maria Ordoñez USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory St. Paul MN Genetic differentiation of molecular genotypes and virulence phenotypes of Puccinia triticina in Europe and world-wide. Thanks to Kun Xiao

2. European P. triticina isolates Czech Rep. Slovakia - 20 Germany - 2 Spain - 3 France - 8 England - 35 Hungary - 6 Italy - 15 Romania - 2 Turkey - 39 Ukraine - 2 133 isolates - 122 after clone correction

3. 23 SSR primer pairs (18 CDL-5 Fr) 77 SSR genotypes 20 Tc lines 89 virulence phenotypes

4. SSR Genotype Grouping SSR GroupNo. isolates Origin EU119CZ,GB,FR EU229CZ, TK,UK EU310ES, IT Durum types EU415CZ, FR, TK,GB EU511CZ, FR, GB, IT, TK EU66DL, FR, ES, GB, IT, TK EU714TK EU818CZ, FR, GB, HG, TK Instruct – Bayesian methodology (no assumption of HW equilibrium) K means clustering – maximize sum of distance 2 between groups – minimize within groups Consensus tree – bootstrapping All methods indicate 8 SSR groups – identical grouping of isolates Most groups cosmopolitan (except EU7)

5. EU SSR Groups R ST R ST = 0.50 EU2-EU7 ns EU2-EU8 ns EU7-EU8 ns All other pairs significantly different Stepwise mutation model – alleles close in mw more related Reflect long term evolutionary relationships? Homoplasy?

6. EU SSR Groups F ST F ST = 0.32 All pairs significantly different Assumes infinite alleles model All alleles equally related Genetic drift is source of variation Detect recent immigrants better?

7. EU SSR Groups Virulence phenotypes PHI = 0.46 EU3-EU5 ns All other SSR groups significantly different for virulence SSR genotype – virulence phenotype correlation = 0.55

8. World-wide P. triticina SSR groups North America South America Central Asia Middle East Europe New Zealand South Africa Durum isolates (EU, SA, ME, NA) Aegilops speltoides 587 isolates F ST = 0.331 Some geographical relationship SA, NA vs. EU, ME, CA, NZ, SAF Except ME1 with NA and SA Durum groups distinct from common wheat groups

9. World-wide P. triticina SSR groups R ST = 0.561 Little geographic relationship SSR groups from different continents closely related many pairs ns different Two major groups from common wheat – distinct from durum groups

10. Intercontinental migration of P. triticina? SSR GroupVirulence phenotypes NA3MCDSS, MBDSS MFPSS, MLDSS TBDSS, TCPSS SA3MCDSS, MBDSS MFPSS, MFDSS MDPSS, MBPNS EU8MCDSS, MBDSS MFPSS, MHPSS MCPSS, MNPSS ME2MCDSQ, MBDSQ TCDSQ, PBDSS THDSQ, PBGSL EU2PCPPQ, FHPSQ PGPSS, PBPSN FHPPQ, FCPSQ CA4FHPSQ, FCPSL FHNSJ, FHNSG FGNSJ, FCNSS EU7FCMLQ, FBMSQ FHPTQ, FGPSQ FBFSQ, FCMSS R ST grouping Highly related SSR groups have identical or similar virulence phenotypes MBDSS-MCDSS Mexico – early 1990s North America -1996 (NA3) South America- 1999 (SA3) France – early 2000s (EU8) Turkey- 2009 (EU8)