1. CHAPTER 16
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATIONS AND THE POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPE

2. Social, Economic, Political and Intellectual Changes
Social and Economic Transformation
Political Challenges
Spiritual and Intellectual Developments

3. Luther and the German Reformation
The Search for Salvation
The Two Kingdoms: God and the State

4. Henry VIII and the Anglican Reformation
Legitimate Heirs and the True Church
Radical Protestants and Renewed Catholics

5. Protestantism in Switzerland and France
Ulrich Zwingli
John Calvin

6. Radical Protestantism in the Rhine Valley

7. The Catholic Counter-Reformation

8. Wars of Religions
The Spanish Habsburgs’ Quest for European Hegemony,
The Era of Spanish Habsburg Dominance
Revolt in the Netherlands
Religious Wars in France

9. Wars of Religions Elizabethan England, 1558-1603
Lepanto and the Armada
Philip II’s Failure in Europe

10. The Austrian Habsburgs’ Drive for Superiority and the Thirty Years’ War
The Bohemian and Danish Phases of the Thirty Years’ War: The Habsburgs’ High Tide to 1630
The Swedish and French Phases and Balance of Power,
The Peace of Westphalia