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Published byBruno Wilkerson Modified over 9 years ago
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Fallacies (Errors in Logic)
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What is a Fallacy? A Fallacy is an argument that is flawed by its very nature or structure Be aware of your opponents using these, and call them out on them.
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Fallacies of Logical Argument Claims that are invalid, insufficient or disconnected Hasty Generalization – an inference drawn from insufficient evidence Post Hoc ergo Propter Hoc: after this, therefore because of this) – assuming that because one event follows another, the first caused the second (Handguns will reduce crime).
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Non sequitur – the logic of the argument is not connected: I stole the lipstick because the sky was blue. “We had been discussing plumbing, so her remark about astrology was a real non sequitur.”astrology
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Fallacies of Emotional Argument (II) Sentimental Appeals – using excessive emotions to distract from the facts – often entail a guilt trip Bandwagon Appeals – suggest that the reader should be persuaded because everyone else is
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Hasty Generalizations/ Stereotypes also known as "fallacy of insufficient statistics" Unreliable Authority
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Ad Hominem (“to the man”) – assaulting a debater's character, rather then the logic of his/her argument
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Fallacies of Emotional Argument Use of excessive or inappropriate emotionalism Scare Tactics – exaggerating dangers or reducing complicated issues to threats Either/Or Choices – require people to choose 1 of 2 options – oversimplify Slippery Slope – threatens successively amplified consequences for small actions
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