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Grading Criteria for Assigment 1 Structure – –sense of time, present and past –conflict with two distinct sides –description of cause of conflict –shared.

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Presentation on theme: "Grading Criteria for Assigment 1 Structure – –sense of time, present and past –conflict with two distinct sides –description of cause of conflict –shared."— Presentation transcript:

1 Grading Criteria for Assigment 1 Structure – –sense of time, present and past –conflict with two distinct sides –description of cause of conflict –shared values as basis for possible reconciliation Visual – paragraph lengths similar to Lincoln Style – formal language; long, complex sentence structure Basic writing: typos, grammar, spelling Creativity in topic: general “fit” with Lincoln’s essay

2 Types of Proof Logical proof (logos) Proof that builds credibility (ethos) Emotional proof (pathos)

3 Types of Logical Proof Argument from sign Argument from induction Argument from cause Argument from deduction Argument from analogy Argument from definition Argument from statistics

4 Deductive Reasoning (ch. 8) Syllogism: basic form of deductive argument – major premise, minor premise, conclusion Question the structure of the syllogism (does conclusion follow) and the truth of the premises

5 Some points about fallacies Infinite number of fallacies (Google fallacy!) But fallacies are best understood in context Establish fallacies by questioning an argument’s warrants and making a judgment about appropriate proofs

6 Logical Fallacies Begging the question (restating the claim) Red herring (irrelevant support) Non sequitur (conclusion does not follow) Straw man (distortion of opposing argument) Stacked evidence (one-sided) Either-or (false dichotomy) Post hoc (faulty cause) Hasty generalization

7 Fallacies of Ethos & Pathos Ad hominem Guilt by association Using authority instead of evidence Bandwagon appeal Slippery slope Creating false needs


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