1. The state of the atmosphere at a given place and time
WHAT IS WEATHER?
The state of the atmosphere at a given place and time
Temperature
Humidity
Air Pressure (atmospheric pressure)
Wind

2. What Makes up Weather?
Whether you see a weather report or look at a weather map…
The following elements make up weather
Heat (temperature)
Atmospheric (air) pressure
Wind (speed and direction)
Moisture (humidity)

3. Weather & Energy
Obviously, MANY FORMS of ENERGY play a role in and affect severe weather patterns that happen all over the world…
But how and why does severe weather happen?
Is all weather “severe”?
Why are some forms of severe weather common in some places and not in others?
In order to understand how and why severe weather happens, first we have to understand what weather is and how it works!

4. Weather conditions at a location over a long time period
WHAT IS CLIMATE?
Weather conditions at a location over a long time period
Polar – little rainfall, severe cold
Temperate – a lot of rainfall, more mild to cool temperatures
Arid – little rainfall, dry, hot
Tropical – a lot of rainfall, humid, hot
Mediterranean – a lot of rainfall during winter, dry summers
Mountains – wet, cold winters, mild summers

5. Weather vs. Climate Atmosphere
Thin envelope of gases that surrounds the planet
Weather
Climate
The state of the atmosphere at a given place and time
Weather
vs. Climate
Weather conditions at a location over a long time period
Small picture, short-term
Constantly changing, hour to hour, day to day
Temperature, cloudiness, rainfall, wind speed and direction, humidity, air pressure
Big-picture, long-term

6. Wednesday/Thursday 2/25-2/26/2015
Agenda: Weather and Climate Unit
Notes: Weather and Climate
Activity: Weather and Climate Foldable
Activity: Heat Transfer Review
Homework/Classwork
Heat Transfer Review Packet due Friday 2/27/2015 for 30 Points

7. What Causes the Weather to Change from Day to Day?
Earth’s atmosphere being heated by the Sun’s rays and being mixed and moved about by wind causes changes in weather

8. WEATHER FUELED BY:
THE
SUN

9. Heat vs. Temperature
Heat: the total kinetic energy (energy of motion) of all the molecules that make up a substance
Temperature: a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness in a substance
Measured in °F or °C

10. MEASURING TEMPERATURE
THERMOMETER

11. Severe Weather
Tornado with lightning in KS
Definition: A weather condition likely to cause hardship and destruction
Types:
Blizzards
Flooding
Extreme Heat
Ice Storms
Thunderstorms
Tornado
Hurricane
Hurricane forming
Heavy ice during an Ice Storm

12. Severe Weather Statistics
According to the National Weather Service (NWS) in 2007 in the U.S. alone, severe weather caused more than deaths and close to $13 billion in damage.

13. How Does Severe Weather Happen?
Lightning –
Definition: A visible electrical discharge produced by a thunderstorm.
The discharge may occur within or between clouds, between the cloud and air, between a cloud and the ground or between the ground and a cloud.
How does LIGHTNING form?
Forms when updrafts of air carry water droplets, which have a charge, upward to heights where some freeze into ice and snow particles.
The particles form a cloud.
As these particles begin to fall back to Earth, charges within the cloud become mixed.
The differences in charge are released as lightning.

14. So What Kind of has hit Arizona?
SEVERE WEATHER
In 2006, there were 21 deaths, 26 injuries and $159.4 million in property damage reported for the state of AZ.
NOAA National Weather Service

15. AZ Lightning

16. September 2, 1994
Lightning
Severe thunderstorms ripped through the greater Phoenix area with winds in Chandler estimated between mph.
Extensive street flooding was reported around the Valley with water 3- 5 ft. deep in some underpasses.
Numerous trees, both medium and large were blown down.
A house caught fire from lightning.
70 power poles were blown down in the Queen Creek area.
Thunderstorm winds blew out a store front window causing an estimated $6000 damage.
A 22-year-old man was killed by lightning in Tempe while trying to retrieve his vehicle in a parking lot.

17. How Does Severe Weather Happen?
Thunderstorm –
Definition: A local storm produced by a cumulonimbus cloud and accompanied by lightning and thunder.
How do THUNDERSTORMS happen?
Form when warm air rises from Earth's surface and moves upwards quickly into the colder levels of the atmosphere.
If conditions are right, tornadoes can form from this rapid updraft (upward moving air).
Normally, the result is rain, wind, lightning, and thunder.
“Thunder” is the noise lightning makes as it travels through the air.

18. Monsoonal Thunderstorm in AZ - 2006