1. Variable Rate Technology Taking a site-specific approach Frank D’Emden Technology Development Manager frank.demden@precisionag.com.au 0488 917 871

2. Overview Data Yield Biomass Geophysical Soil Data interpretation Innovations arising from UAV technology Autonomous Livestock Monitoring Systems (ALMS)

3. Data Yield Take time to set up monitor (i.e. paddock names and calibration) Copy and securely store raw data from card at end of day/paddock/season Biomass Satellite Low cost, inaccurate, unreliable but watch this space… UAV Moderate cost, highly accurate, versatile acquisition Data heavy (lots of MB)

4. Data (cont’d) Geophysics Electromagnetics and gamma radiometrics Objective soil reference layers Need to be ground-truthed ($) Soil Keep going (every 3 years) Go deep (at least 20cm) Go back to the same spot (Georeference)

5. Measures soil electroconductivity Primarily influenced by salinity Clay and moisture also influence EM Electromagnetics

6. Measures naturally occurring gamma radiation 90% of gamma radiation emitted from top 45cm of soil. Differentiates between sand and gravel (low EM) and different clay types (high EM). Radiometrics

7. Interpretation: Ground-truthing

8. Interpretation: Correlation

9. Extrapolation

10. Weed mapping for targeted spraying

11. Numerical analysis

12. Buffering

13. Vector export

14. Biomass mapping

15. Autonomous Livestock Monitoring Systems Animal tracking Behavioural modelling

16. Virtual fencing Water monitoring Mark Trotter University of New England Precision Ag Research Group Autonomous Livestock Monitoring Systems

17. Automatic rain gauges The Internet of Things

18. Knowledge Information Data