1. R:13 September 19, 2011 1 Converging biology, economics and social science in fisheries research –lessons learned Päivi Haapasaari, Soile Kulmala and Sakari Kuikka www.helsinki.fi/science/fem/index.html

2. Fishery – a bound of uncertain relationships A fishery is a plexus of relationships that interacts with broader natural and human systems Any individual science unable to provide comprehensive analyses Collaboration between disciplines is needed Problem solving > interdisciplinarity 2

3. Skills and methods are needed that enable the integration of knowledge from different fields in one model that can support decision making

4. Interdisciplinary collaboration between conceptually different fields is difficult and frequently remains half-way definition and contents of interdisciplinarity unclear disciplinary cultures (practices, paradigms, languages, world views ) differ from each other a foot on two (three?) fields 4

5. What interdisciplinarity is? Intensive form of collaboration that integrates empirical data, combines methodological approaches, or synthesizes concepts, models or theories builds on interaction Must be distinguished from Multidisciplinarity: a juxtaposition of mono-disciplinary approaches with separate problems, separate methodologies and insignificant interaction; insufficient for problem solving Transdisciplinarity: a hybrid that subordinates disciplines, scientists and stakeholders, science and practice, and scientific and non-scientific knowledge under alarge synthesizing framework

6. Interdisciplinary process (by DeWachter 1982) 1. Accept a methodological epoché and abstain from mono-disciplinary approach 2. Formulate a global question by acknowledging all roles, aspects and approaches in the wholeness 3. Translate the global question into the specific language of each discipline 4. Produce a global answer by integrating all particular answers (into a common model through a common language)

7. Aims: increase understanding on Baltic salmon fisheries through integrating knowledge from fisheries science, economics, and social science build an integrated decision support tool for long term management 8 years, 3 projects Methodological epoch: Bayesian belief networks Global question: What kind of management decisions would lead to both economically optimal and biologically sustainable fishery, if the implementation uncertainty were taken into account, and which alternative management objectives and options would lead to best output in terms of biological, commercial and recreational utility? The Baltic Salmon case

8. Management decision Biological management objective Post smolt survival Implemen tation Commitmen t Recruitment strong river Recruitment weak river Total profits Index river abundance Social utility Recrea tional utility Comme rcial utility Biolog ical utility Social science Economics Natural science

9. Interdisciplinarity is a process of learning: three levels What did we learn about interdisciplinarity? I ntegration Links Communication

10. Interdisciplinarity is learning Learning between individuals understand and respect each others’ way of thinking understand other approaches think holistically search for an interdisiciplinary identity Learning between disciplines acknowledge and analyze disciplinary differences search for a common territory and a common language search for a common methodology Learning between knowledge integrate disciplinary knowledge knowledge learns from knowledge

11. How to succeed? frequent interaction and continuous discussion good personal chemistry close proximity knowing each other small collaborative teams ”stupid” questions time

12. Thank you! www.helsinki.fi/science/fem/index.html