1. New Mexico and Technology Nuclear Energy Research High Altitude Survival (Space Medicine) Rocket Tests And more… New Mexico Technology1 Ted Spitzmiller

2. New Mexico Technology2 Objective To understand more about New Mexico and its involvement with high technology… –Pioneers, engineers, and astronauts –Events that alter and illuminate our time

3. Who Am I? Aviation and Space Historian Graduate US Army Guided Missile School Taught Nuclear Weapons 3 years Flight Instructor for 40+ years Computer Guy for 50 years (MS/CIS) Invented the Internet (with Al Gore) Mrs. Kritter’s Dad New Mexico Technology3

4. Birth of the Bomb4 I started building models airplanes at the age of 7 4Aviation

5. Birth of the Bomb5 New Mexico’s role in the Birth of the Atomic Age World War II

6. Birth of the Bomb610/13/2015 6 A Bit of Background 1939--Certain isotopes of Uranium could be split (fission) to produce energy. Enough to make a bomb? War was raging in Europe. Germany had been in the forefront of the research. America build an atomic bomb… if one could be made.

7. Birth of the Bomb7 OSRD Creates Manhattan Project-1942 Directed by Brig Gen Leslie Groves Four secret laboratories: Los Alamos, New Mexico –Location chosen for its remoteness. –Physics and engineering "think-tank" –Final assembly of bombs, from materials/components Originally a few hundred people… required over 2,000. Lots of problems and secrecy.

8. Irony Many of the physicist who worked on the project were driven out of Europe by Nazi anti-Semitism. New Mexico Technology8

9. Find Los Alamos Birth of the Bomb9

10. 10 J. Robert Oppenheimer UC Berkley physicist Chosen by Groves to lead bomb development effort Understood the problem, the resources available, and the people

11. Los Alamos 1945 New Mexico Technology11

12. Los Alamos Today New Mexico Technology12

13. Birth of the Bomb13 Bomb Required Enriched u235 Only 1 in 600 atoms of natural uranium is u-235 Bomb requires >90% u-235 Numerous methods to separate u235 from u238 –Gaseous diffusion & cyclotron best known Oakridge, Tenn

14. Birth of the Bomb14 Two Methods of Creating a Bomb Purity Density supercritical Mass

15. Birth of the Bomb15 Trinity Site Location to test the bomb!

16. To be detonated on Top of a Tower Avoid extensive fallout Take advantage of the Mach-Y effect Birth of the Bomb16

17. Birth of the Bomb17 Gadget Raised to the Top

18. Birth of the Bomb18 From the start of the laboratory at Los Alamos in March 1943 to the first test in July 1945 was only 2 years and four months. Explosive energy equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT

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21. Birth of the Bomb21 Decision to use the weapon is another story

22. Birth of the Bomb22 Hiroshima 1945—Little Boy

23. Birth of the Bomb23 Hiroshima Today

24. Birth of the Bomb24 What about the German Effort? That’s another story.

25. Birth of the Bomb25 The Atom Spies—Yet another story

26. Trinity Site Today Open to visitors first weekend of October and April New Mexico Technology26

27. Birth of the Bomb27 Questions? Local Museums

28. New Mexico Technology28 Let’s Talk Rockets Robert Goddard Father of Modern Rocketry Experimentalist Launched first successful liquid fuel rocket March 16, 1926

29. Goddard Moves from Massachusetts to Roswell New Mexico Technology29

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35. New Mexico Technology35 V-2 – First Large Liquid Fuel Rocket Developed by Wernher von Braun in Germany during WWII. Surface to surface missile Send 2000 pound explosive warhead (payload) 200 miles

36. Wernher von Braun Operation Paperclip New Mexico Technology36 Technology Transfer

37. New Mexico Technology37 Launched From White Sands 46

38. Testing Moved to Cape Canaveral, Florida as Rockets Grew Larger New Mexico Technology38

39. New Mexico Technology39 V-2 Comparison of Saturn V & Shuttle Saturn V sent men to the moon 1968-72 Launched Skylab Space Station 1973 250,000 lbs. To earth orbit Shuttle 65,000 pounds to earth orbit Shuttle 4.4 million lbs. 6 million lbs. thrust Saturn V 6.0 million lbs. 7.5 million lbs. thrust

40. Space Medicine New Mexico Technology40

41. Dr. Randy Lovelace - 1943 High Altitude Bailout from 40,200 feet New Mexico Technology41

42. Original Mercury Astronaut’s Medical Tests at Lovelace Clinic New Mexico Technology42

43. High Altitude Ballooning New Mexico Technology43

44. Using High Altitude Balloons to test Survival Equipment New Mexico Technology44

45. Lt. Joe Kittinger’s record parachute jump New Mexico Technology45

46. 102,800 feet d o w n New Mexico Technology46

47. International Balloon Museum New Mexico Technology47

48. Rocket Sleds Test Effects of High Speed Ejection New Mexico Technology48

49. New Mexico Museum Of Space History New Mexico Technology49

50. And There is… Roswell New Mexico Technology50

51. Aliens! New Mexico Technology51

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53. New Mexico Technology53 Time Line to Space Tsiolkovsky 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Goddard Oberth Kittinger- Free Fall Stapp -Rocket Sled Von Braun V-2 Glenn Armstrong Space Shuttle Challenger Columbia Space Race ISS YWB

54. New Mexico… A Prominent Player in “Advanced Technologies” New Mexico Technology54

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