1. Notes 5 Chapter 4 : Newton’s Law of Inertia Notes 5 Chapter 4 : Newton’s Law of Inertia

2. Class work : What changes motion ? MMMMaterials : Truck, wood pennies,and books 1.P redict what will happen to the pennies and the car if you roll the car into the book. 2.T est your prediction : Write your observation 1.M y prediction is _______________. 2._ _______________

3. 3. What might be the reason for the difference between the motion of the car and the pennies after the impact ? 3. _______________.

4. 4. What is Inertia ? 5. What is Newton’s 1st law of motion? p46

5. Newton’s 1 st Law of Motion 6. If the car is traveling at a speed of 65mi/h on Freeway 5, what is the passenger’s speed ? 7. What happens to the car when the driver suddenly stepped on the brake ? 7. What happens to the car when the driver suddenly stepped on the brake ? 8. What happens to the passenger without seatbelt in this situation? 9. What is the purpose of wearing a seatbelt ?

6. Class work: Newton’s 1 st Law 1.If the car is moving at 70 mi/h, what is the passenger’s speed inside this moving car? 2.A. What happens to the car if the driver suddenly stepped on the brake? b. How about it’s passenger without a seatbelt? 3.What is the purpose of the seatbelt in a moving vehicle?

7. Notes 5 Chapter 5 : Newton’s Law of Inertia Notes 5 Chapter 5 : Newton’s Law of Inertia Classwork: Tug of War Write your observations and explain why. 1. Stand Off Observation : Explanation : 2. Who won? Why? Observation : Explanation :

8. Section 2 What Is a Force? Chapter 12 Combined Effect of Forces  The net force is the combination of all the forces acting on an object.  When forces act in the same direction, you add the forces to determine the net force.  When two forces act in opposite directions, you subtract the smaller force from the larger force to determine the net force.

9. Notes 5 :Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 1.Describe force? 2.What is the unit of force? 3.What is the letter representation of force? 4.What is a net force? 5. Describe a positive force. 6. Describe a negative force.

10. Instructions : What is the net force if these forces act upon an object ? What will happen to the object ? 1.F1 = 5 N to the right F2 = 10 N to the left F2 = 10 N to the left Net Force = F net

11. 2. F1 = 10 N to the right F2 = 10 N to the left 3. F1 = 20 N to the right F2 = 10 N to the left F3 = 10 N to the left 4. F1 = 20 N to the right F2 = 10 N to the left 5. F1 = 20 N upwards F2 = 20 N downwards

12. 6. F1 = 30 N up and Weight = 20 N F2 =5N up

13. Differentiate a balanced force and an unbalanced force Which causes change in motion : balanced or unbalanced force

14. What is Equilibrium ? Read p 51 Alternate Reading

15. Released Test Questions #11  Hw Assignment # 14,15,16

16. Review Questions p 56 #6, 7

17. Review Questions p57 #15, 16

18. Trucks and Small Cars

19. Newton’s Second Law of Motion What is Newton’s 2 nd Law of Motion? p60 Express this law in an equation. P61 What is the unit of Force ? What is the unit of Force ? What is the equivalent of Newton ?

20. Formula and Units F = ma F is Force in newtons (N) m is mass in kilograms (kg) a is acceleration in m/s 2 Formula  Force = m a Units  Newtons = kg m /s 2

21. Force Newton (N) MassKgAcceleration m/s/s= m/s 2 F= ? F= m X a F= 10kg X 5m/s 2 F= 50 N m = 10 kg m = 10 kg a = 5 m/s 2 a = 5 m/s 2 F= 50 N m= 20kg m= 20kg If the mass increases, the acceleration decreases. a= F/m a= 50N/20kg a= 2.5 m/s 2

22. Manipulation of Force Formula F = m X a a = m = m = W = m X g g = m = m =

23. Classwork 10pts: Changes in mass, net force and acceleration- Notes Fill in the table with data and compare each row. F in N F in N m in kg m in kg a in m/s 2 a in m/s 2 1._________1010 2._________2010 3._________1010 50104._________ 25105._________ 12.56._________2.5

24. Questions and Answer about F=ma 1. How is acceleration affected by an increase in force ? 2. What happens if the force applied decreases ? 3. What happens to the acceleration if the mass of the object is increased ? 4. If the mass of the object is decreased, what happens to its acceleration ?

25. Weight is a Force Weight is a Force 1.W hat is Mass? P 49 2.W hat is Weight ?p 49 3.W hat is the unit of weight? 4.W hat is the formula or equation of weight?

26. Mass and Weight Mass in kg 1.16 g 2.303 g 3.40 kg 4.500 g 5.10 g Weight in Newtons = mass (m) X acceleration due to gravity (g=10m/s 2 ) W= mg W= mg 1.16 g  kg =.016kg Weight =.016 kg X 10 m/s 2 =.16Newtons or Weight =.016 kg X 10 m/s 2 =.16Newtons or W= 0.16 N W= 0.16 N

27. Review Questions p 56 Discuss #9,10, HW 13,21, 22,23, 24,25,38,39

28. Released Test Questions #12

29. CW: Problem Solving using F=ma CW: Problem Solving using F=ma 1.A 52 kg water skier is being pulled by the speedboat. The unbalanced force causes her to accelerate by 5 m/s/s. a. Calculate the net force exerted by the speedboat neglecting friction, that causes this acceleration.  b. If the water provides a friction force of 50 N, will the acceleration of the boat change ? Calculate the real acceleration if water friction is present.

30. 10 pts each F= ma – Notes 5 What is the net force on a 1,000 kg elevator accelerating at 2m/s 2 ? What is the mass of the cart moving at an acceleration of 15 m/s 2, if a pulling force 400 N is applied horizontally and a friction force of 100 N is present between the object and the surface.

31.  Questions : #1 / p63 Review Questions #7 /p71  #19,20 21,35,36,37

32. Released Test Questions  # 13,14,15

33. Read Chapter 5 Summary p 71  Read alternate Explain Explain

34. Read 5.4 / p 63 Write 5 information about friction.  Draw Figure 5.6

35. Testing Amount of Friction –opposes motion Slides smoothly Slides roughly 1. Wood on Wood X moves easily less friction less friction X less motion more friction 2. Wood on Ceramics 3. Rubber on Dry Ceramics 4. Steel on Ceramic 5. Steel Pin on Stone 6. Rubber on Wet Ceramics 7. Rubber on carpet

36. Friction Force Friction is a force opposing motion. Unit of Friction force is Newton (N). Factors affecting friction are the following : a. weight of the object a. weight of the object b. type of surface b. type of surface Equation of Friction Friction force (f) = u Fn Friction force (f) = u Fn f – friction force in newtons (N) f – friction force in newtons (N) u – coefficient of friction (type of surface) u – coefficient of friction (type of surface) Fn – normal force (force perpendicular to the surface) Fn – normal force (force perpendicular to the surface)

37. Matter in Motion Chapter 12

38. Types of Friction 1.Static friction- friction present between surfaces that opposes sliding 2.Sliding (kinetic) friction –friction force when an object slides over a surface. 3.Rolling friction- friction force when rollers and wheels roll over a surface 4.Air friction- friction force present that opposes the fall of an object due to the pull of gravity.

39. Review Questions p 71  #8,9

40. Problem Solving on Friction 4. The force of sliding friction between the 50 kg crate and the floor is 75 N, so an applied force of 75 N will keep it sliding. How fast will it slide? 5. What will be the acceleration of the sliding crate if we apply a force of 100N? How fast will it slide ?

41. Gravity - pull to the center of the earth Gravitational acceleration(g) = 9.8m /sec 2 or 10 m/ sec 2 =32 ft/ sec 2 10 m/ sec 2 =32 ft/ sec 2 Free Fall – motion going down due to gravity Weight –downward force due to gravity, Newtons weight = mass,kg X gravitational acceleration(g) weight = mass,kg X gravitational acceleration(g) Air Friction, Newton– force that opposes the free fall and slows down any falling object ; Parachute provides air friction. The larger the area of the parachute, the greater the air friction that slows down the free fall. Terminal Velocity – constant velocity when the weight of the object equals the air friction.

42. Force of Gravity  Shapes our solar system and universe

43. Law of Universal Gravitation

44.  Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them:[3] point massforceline proportionalproductmassesinversely proportionalsquare[3]point massforceline proportionalproductmassesinversely proportionalsquare[3] F = G m1m2 / d 2 F = G m1m2 / d 2where: F- force between masses G= Gravitational Constant 6.67 X 10 -11 Nm 2 /kg 2 6.67 X 10 -11 Nm 2 /kg 2 m1 and m2 – masses of the objects m1 and m2 – masses of the objects d= distance between 2 masses d= distance between 2 masses

45.  Assuming SI units, F is measured in newtons (N), m1 and m2 in kilograms (kg), r in meters (m), and the constant G is approximately equal to 6.674×10−11 N m2 kg−2.[4] The value of the constant G was first accurately determined from the results of the Cavendish experiment conducted by the British scientist Henry Cavendish in 1798, although Cavendish did not himself calculate a numerical value for G[5]. This experiment was also the first test of Newton's theory of gravitation between masses in the laboratory. It took place 111 years after the publication of Newton's Principia and 71 years after Newton's death, so none of Newton's calculations could use the value of G; instead he could only calculate a force relative to another force. SI unitsnewtonskilogramsmeters[4]Cavendish experiment BritishHenry Cavendish[5]SI unitsnewtonskilogramsmeters[4]Cavendish experiment BritishHenry Cavendish[5]

46. Problem :  Compute the Force of Gravity between 0.3 kg masses whose centers are 1.5 m apart.

47. #19/p181 Baby on Earth and Planet Mars

48. Released Test Questions # 17

49. Newton’s 3 rd Law of Motion: Law of Action and Reaction I. What are the 2 things reacting in the balloon race? 5pts 2. What force caused the balloon to move forward ?5pts 3. Draw the diagram with the balloon moving forward and the direction of air exit.5pts 3. Draw the diagram with the balloon moving forward and the direction of air exit.5pts 4

50. 1. What is Newton’s 3 rd Law of Motion? P 389 2. What are the 2 things reacting in the movement of the swimmer in Fig 6 p 389? 5pts p 389? 5pts 3. Draw and explain the movement of the rocket on Fig 7. P 390 3. Draw and explain the movement of the rocket on Fig 7. P 390 5pts 5pts”

51. Experiment Mass and Weight I. Purpose : To differentiate Mass and Weight 10pts II. Materials : 10pts 2 blocks of wood Spring scale III. Hypothesis: How does the mass of an object affect the weight? 20pts Use If and then. ( One sentence only)

52. IV. Data Table Blocks Mass, g Mass, kg CalculatedWeight,NewtonMeasuredWeight,Newton Heavy Light

53. Analysis and Conclusion 1.What is the purpose of this experiment? 2.What was your hypothesis? 3.Was your hypothesis correct ? Why? 4.When the mass of the object is greater, what happens to the weight of the object? 5.What is the acceleration due to gravity? Explain its effect on free falling object.

54. Momentum 1.What comes into your mind when you hear the word “MOMENTUM 2.Define momentum p 86 p 86 3. Formula of momentum p86 4. Unit of momentum p86 5. What is impulse ? P 87 6. Relate Impulse and momentum p 87

55. Problem Solving 1.Which have greater momentum : 3 kg sledge hammer swung at 1.5m/s or a 4kg sledgehammer swung at 0.9m/s?

56. 2. A golf ball travels at 16 m/s, while a baseball moves at 7 m/s. The mass of the golf ball is 0.045 kg and the mass of the baseball is 0.14 kg. Which has greater momentum? 20 pts 3. What is the momentum of a bird with a mass of 0.018 kg flying at 15 m/s? 10 pts

57. Impulse Problems   What impulse occurs when an average force of 20 N is exerted on a vehicle for 5 sec? What change in momentum does the car undergo ? CW : Calculate the impulse of a 5N force creates to a box for 2 sec? What is the change in momentum?

58. Law of Conservation of Momentum Law of Conservation of Momentum 1. State the Law of Conservation of Momentum p 92- 93 2. Equation of the Law of Conservation of Momentum

59. Differentiate Elastic and Inelastic Collision p94-95 Elastic Collision Inelastic Collision

60. Law of Conservation of Momentum Problem Solving a. What happens when two trains of the same mass of 30,000 kg collide? Train X is traveling at 10 m/s. Train X catches up train Y which is traveling at 5m/s and bump into it. What will be the speed of train X if train Y moves at a speed of 10m/s after the collision? b. Suppose that the train X moves down the track at 10 m/s and hits train Y,which is not moving. What happens to train Y when train X stopped after the collision. c. Suppose after the collision in problem b, instead of bouncing off each other, the two train cars couple together when they hit. What will be their velocity after collision?

61. Released Test Questions # 31, 32,33 Hint p 93 Text,34,35, 36

62. Directly Proportional - Is when x increases the y increases as well or when x decreases the y decreases.  Inversely proportional – is when x increases, y decreases or when x decreases the y increases

63. Forces Ca Standard 8.2. a-c Forces Ca Standard 8.2. a-c  Objectives : I will be able to define a force and determine if the force is positive or negative based on its direction.  I will be able to plot forces based on its direction using a protractor  I will be able to explain the 1 st law of Newton  I will be able to calculate force using 2 nd law of Newton F= ma and calculate weight using W=mg g = 9.8 m/s 2  I will define gravity, projectile, inertia, mass, force,air resistance, projectile motion and trajectory

64. Materials: Physical Science Textbook RopeHandkerchief Toy cars Incline plane Blocks Force measurer stopwatchProtractorRulers

65. Objectives: To verify what are the effects of increasing and decreasing the amount of force on the object’s acceleration. To verify the effect of gravity and air resistance on the object’s motion. To understand the word momentum through demonstration and calculation.

66. Experiment : Forced to Accelerate -100 pts Experiment : Forced to Accelerate -100 pts I.Purpose: To determine the relationship of force and acceleration 10 pts II.Materials : 10 pts spring scale spring scale string stopwatch string stopwatch wood blocks wood blocks meter stick meter stick masking tape masking tape

67. III. Procedures: 1.Attach a loop of string to a block. 2.Attach a spring scale to the loop of string. 3.Pull the spring scale straight to apply the lowest amount of force just to move the block. 4.Record this smallest force on the first line. 5.Add 1N to the smallest force on step 5 and record this on the second line.

68. 7. Pull the spring scale with the force on the second line and measure the time it takes for the object to move from start to finish. Record as t1 8.Repeat step 7 twice. Record as t2 and t3. 9.Calculate average time using t = t1 + t2 + t3 / 3 t = t1 + t2 + t3 / 3 10. Calculate speed by dividing distance by average time.Use 1m as distance. Record. 11.Calculate average acceleration by a=Vf - 0 / ave time a=Vf - 0 / ave time

69. IV. Data Table Force, N t1t2t3AvetimeAve Speed = Vf a = Vf- 0 / t 2N 3N 4N 5N

70. V. Graph Force vs. Acceleration VI. Analysis and Conclusion 1.What happened to the acceleration when the force increases by 1N ? 2N ? 3N? 2.What generalization can we derive from this experiment?

71. Forces Ca Standard 8.2. a-c Forces Ca Standard 8.2. a-c  Objectives : I will be able to define a force and determine if the force is positive or negative based on its direction.  I will be able to plot forces based on its direction using a protractor  I will be able to explain the 1 st law of Newton  I will be able to calculate force using 2 nd law of Newton F= ma and calculate weight using W=mg g = 9.8 m/s 2  I will define gravity, projectile, inertia, mass, force,air resistance, projectile motion and trajectory

72. Parachute Design ( 100 pts) Single space Font 12 Due Date : March 26, 2007 Display Board or Technical Paper I.Problem :5 pts. To construct a parachute that will drop from 2m height in 5- 5.5 sec without breaking the egg II Introductory Information 10 pts : Purpose, Parcahute, Newton’s Laws of Motion, air friction, weight, mass, acceleration due to gravity, gravity, parachute design, free fall, terminal velocity Introductory Information 10 pts : Purpose, Parcahute, Newton’s Laws of Motion, air friction, weight, mass, acceleration due to gravity, gravity, parachute design, free fall, terminal velocity Introductory Information 10 pts : Purpose, Parcahute, Newton’s Laws of Motion, air friction, weight, mass, acceleration due to gravity, gravity, parachute design, free fall, terminal velocity – at least 3 resources 2 pages Newton’s Laws of Motion, air friction, weight, mass, acceleration due to gravity, gravity, parachute design, free fall, terminal velocity – at least 3 resources 2 pages III. List of Materials 5 pts IV. Detailed Drawing with measurements 5 pts for each design ( at least 5 designs ) for each design ( at least 5 designs ) V. Computations : 5 pts Surface Area of each Parachute Design Surface Area of each Parachute Design VI. Procedures 5 pts VII. Data Table 10 pts VIII. Graph 5 pts ( Area vs Speed) IX. Analysis and Conclusion 10 pts

73. Parachute Design ( 300 pts) I.Cover Page 10pts II.Purpose :To construct a parachute that will drop from 2m height in 3- 3.5 sec without breaking the egg. To document the project using a display board and 10-15 pages technical paper. To document the project using a display board and 10-15 pages technical paper.

74. III. Introductory Information 10 pts : Purpose, Parachute, Newton’s Laws of Motion, air friction, weight, mass, acceleration due to gravity, gravity, parachute design, free fall, terminal velocity, motion, speed, distance, velocity Newton’s Laws of Motion, air friction, weight, mass, acceleration due to gravity, gravity, parachute design, free fall, terminal velocity, motion, speed, distance, velocity

75. IV. Hypothesis: If … then…. V. Experimental: a. Materials a. Materials b. Procedures b. Procedures c. Variables c. Variables VI. Detailed Drawing with measurements 5 pts for each design ( at least 5 designs )

76. VII. Computations : 5 pts Surface Area of each Parachute Design Surface Area of each Parachute Design VIII. Data Table 10 pts IX. Graph 5 pts ( Area vs Speed) X. Analysis and Conclusion 10 pts XI. Bibliography XII. Acknowledgements XIII. Daily Log

77. Hypothesis If the area of the parachute is bigger than 588 cm 2, with ________ shape using ___________ materials, then the egg will land safely in 3-3.5 sec.

78. Forces Ca Standard 8.2. a-c Forces Ca Standard 8.2. a-c  I will be able to define a force and determine if the force is positive or negative based on its direction.  I will be able to plot forces based on its direction using a protractor  I will be able to explain the 1 st law of Newton  I will be able to calculate force using 2 nd law of Newton F= ma and calculate weight using W=mg g = 9.8 m/s 2  I will define gravity, projectile, inertia, mass, force,air resistance, projectile motion and trajectory

79. Objectives: To test the roller coaster and parachute designs. To take pictures while testing and constructing. To measure time and speed using V=d/t To re-adjust all designs to conform to desired specifications. To fill in all data tables.( Data Table 1-3) To graph the data using excel. To analyze results by answering all guide questions. To finish the documentation (technical paper and display )

80. Experimental Materials:BooksComputer Log book Display board PrinterSuppliesPaperPlasticString Raw Egg Timer Meter stick

81. Experimental Procedures 1.Gather all materials. 2.Draw at least 5 designs with measurements in each dimension with area = 588 cm 2. 3.Construct the 5 parachutes and test. 4.Test the 5 parachutes whether the egg will land safely. Record it in Data Table 1. 5.Measure the drop time of each parachute for three times. Record it in Data Table 2. 6.Calculate the average drop time for each parachute.

82. 7.Calculate the speed of each parachute using V= d / t. 8.Record the average speed in Data Table3.

83. Data Table 1 Parachute Design Area,cm 2 Safely 1 A=____ 2 A=_____ 3 A=_____

84. Data Table 2 Parachute Trial 1 DropTime,sec Trial 2 DropTime, sec Trial 3 DropTime, sec Ave Drop Time, sec Parachute1 Parachute2 Parachute3

85. Data Table 3 Parachute Design Speed, m/s Parachute 1 Parachute 2 Parachute 3 Parachute 4

86. Graph Graph 1 : Area VS. Ave Time Graph 2: Area VS. Ave Speed

87. Analysis and Conclusion 1.What are the science principles of this project? Discuss 2.How does gravity affect a free falling object like a parachute? 3.How does the air friction affect the motion of the parachute? Does air friction provide an unbalanced force? Explain 4.What did you do to make sure the raw egg lands safely?

88. 5. How does the area affects air friction? 6. What did you do to make the drop time between 3-3.5 sec? 7. How does the area affects the drop time ? time ? 8. How does the area affects the speed?

89. Bibliography: You should have at least 3 sources: Books: Title, Authors, Edition, Publishing Company, Date of Publication, pages Title, Authors, Edition, Publishing Company, Date of Publication, pages Web: Sponsor of the Web site, Web Address, Author, title of the page, Date of Information, Date when the information was taken. Sponsor of the Web site, Web Address, Author, title of the page, Date of Information, Date when the information was taken.

90.  Parachute: Web www.basd.net/technology/STEEP/Technolgy /3.6/Para%20www.basd.net/technology/STEEP/Technolgy /3.6/Para%20 Design%20 ppdb.htm www.basd.net/technology/STEEP/Technolgy /3.6/Para%20 Roller Coaster: Roller Coaster Physics. Discovery Channel education.Discovery Channel Communications Inc.Bethesda MD 20814—3579www.discoveryschool.com

91. Acknowledgement Write a paragraph about people you want to thank and their contributions to your project.

92. CA Standards Copy Standards 1, 2, 9 Type only the standards related to your project.

93. Pictures( Constructing and Testing)

94. Glossary( Alphabetical) ForceNewton Net force Unbalanced force Balance force AccelerationFriction Air resistance WeightGravityMotion Reference point VectorDisplacementSlope Average speed Instantaneous speed WorkEnergy Mass Free fall ProjectileAreaVelocitySpeedDistanceTime Kinetic energy Acceleration due to gravity Potential energy Law of Conservation of energy Gravitational potential energy Mechanical energy Elastic Potential Energy

95. Abstract 1 st Paragraph – Purpose and some vital introductory information 2 nd Paragraph- Hypothesis,Materials and Experimental Procedures 3 rd Paragraph- Variables, Explanation of how data is measured, Explain the data table 4 th Paragraph- Analysis and Conclusion

96. Table of Contents I.Abstract II.Purpose III.Hypothesis IV.Experimental Materials Materials Procedures Procedures V.Variables VI.Data Tables VII. Graphs VIII. Pictures IX. Formula X. Computation XI. Analysis and Conclusion XII. Acknowledgement XIII. Glossary XIV. Bibliography XV. CA Standards

97. Roller Coaster Design Roller Coaster Design I.Cover Page – 5pts II.Purpose : To construct a 3-5 loops roller coaster that will allow 3 different marbles of different mass to roll down and complete the loops from start to finish at a speed of 5m/sec.

98. III. Introductory Information (10 paragraphs) Purpose, roller coaster design Purpose, roller coaster design Motion, speed, velocity, acceleration Motion, speed, velocity, acceleration Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Potential energy, Law of Conservation of Energy Potential energy, Law of Conservation of Energy Gravity Gravity Weight Weight Mass Mass Free fall Free fall Newton’s Laws of Motion, Acceleration due to gravity Work Work

99. IV. Hypothesis: If … then…. V. Experimental: a. Materials a. Materials b. Procedures b. Procedures c. Variables c. Variables VI. Detailed Drawing with measurements

100. VII. Computations : 5 pts VIII. Data Table 10 pts IX. Graph 5 pts ( Mass vs Speed) X. Analysis and Conclusion 10 pts XI. Bibliography XII. Acknowledgements XIII. Daily Log

101. Abstract The project is about designing a a 3-5 loops roller coaster that will allow a 5g marble to roll down at a speed of at least 5 m/s. This study will also compare the effect of marbles with different masses on the marbles’ individual speed. The project is about designing a a 3-5 loops roller coaster that will allow a 5g marble to roll down at a speed of at least 5 m/s. This study will also compare the effect of marbles with different masses on the marbles’ individual speed. My hypothesis is that speed of the marble is affected by the beginning height of the roller coaster. My hypothesis is that speed of the marble is affected by the beginning height of the roller coaster.

102. The first step is to draw the architecture of the roller coaster. The beginning height should be higher than the first loop. I did a research about kinetic energy, potential energy, gravity, free fall and weight.The next step is to prepare a list of all materials which includes pipe insulation, glue and wood to support the roller coaster. After I bought all the materials, I tried my initial design, if the marble rolls completely from start to finish. When the marbles did not roll completely the whole track, adjustments were made on the height and the diameter of the loops. Then I worked on and made sure that the support are rigid and strong enough to hold up the roller coaster. I made necessary calculations for the speed of the marble using the kinetic energy, potential energy and the law of conservation of energy formulas. The first step is to draw the architecture of the roller coaster. The beginning height should be higher than the first loop. I did a research about kinetic energy, potential energy, gravity, free fall and weight.The next step is to prepare a list of all materials which includes pipe insulation, glue and wood to support the roller coaster. After I bought all the materials, I tried my initial design, if the marble rolls completely from start to finish. When the marbles did not roll completely the whole track, adjustments were made on the height and the diameter of the loops. Then I worked on and made sure that the support are rigid and strong enough to hold up the roller coaster. I made necessary calculations for the speed of the marble using the kinetic energy, potential energy and the law of conservation of energy formulas. I therefore conclude that, height of the starting point and the loops affect the speed of the marble. I therefore conclude that, height of the starting point and the loops affect the speed of the marble.

103. Hypothesis  If the succeeding loops are lower than the starting point and previous loops then the marble will complete the tract from start to finish.  If the starting point of the roller coaster is _______m high then the marble will roll at a speed of 5 m/sec.

104. Experimental Materials:BooksComputer Log book Display board PrinterSuppliesWood Popsicle sticks Triple beam balance Marbles Pipe insulation GlueTools Catch box Toys Meter stick timer

105. Procedures: 1.Gather all materials. 2.Draw your 2 roller coaster designs. 3.Measure the mass of the marbles in grams. 4.Convert/ Change the grams unit to kilograms. 5.Calculate the height requirement of the roller coaster using Energy formulas. 6.Prepare the base board. 7.Cut the pipe insulation into half making an open track. 8.Build the roller coaster using the calculated height. Use _________ to support the track. 9.Loops should be smaller than the previous loops. 10.Test if the marbles complete the track. If the marble just stall, re-adjust the roller coaster track.

106. 11. Test the ordinary marble and measure the time from start to finish in seconds. Record it in Data Table 1. Record it in Data Table 1. 12. Repeat step 11 three times and calculate average time for the marble. Record in Data Table1 13. Repeat procedures 11-12 for steel marble and cork marble. 14. Calculate the speed of the three marbles using V= d / t and record in Data Table 2.

107. DATA TABLE 1 - Mass Marbles Mass in g Mass in kg Ordinary Steel

108. DATA TABLE 2 MarblesTimeTrial1TimeTrial2TimeTrial3AverageTime Ordinary Steel

109. DATA TABLE 3- Speed Marbles Speed, V= d / t Ordinary Steel Cork

110. Graph Graph 1 : Mass VS. Ave Time Graph 2: Mass VS. Ave Speed

111. Analysis and Conclusion Analysis and Conclusion Guide Questions: 1. What Law affects the roller coaster design? 2.What is the effect of the starting point or stop height with the speed of the marble? 3.What happens to the PE and KE as the marble goes down the track? 4.What makes the roller coaster work? 5.Does the mass of the marble affect the elapsed time of the marbles? Explain 6.Does the mass of the marble affect the speed of the marbles? Explain

112. Bibliography: You should have at least 3 sources: Books: Title, Authors, Edition, Publishing Company, Date of Publication, pages Title, Authors, Edition, Publishing Company, Date of Publication, pages Web: Sponsor of the Web site, Web Address, Author, title of the page, Date of Information, Date when the information was taken. Sponsor of the Web site, Web Address, Author, title of the page, Date of Information, Date when the information was taken.

113. Acknowledgement Write a paragraph about people you want to thank and their contributions to your project.

114. CA Standards Copy Standards 1, 2, 9 Type only the standards related to your project.

115. Pictures( Constructing and Testing)

116. Glossary( Alphabetical) ForceNewton Net force Unbalanced force Balance force AccelerationFriction Air resistance WeightGravityMotion Reference point VectorDisplacementSlope Average speed Instantaneous speed WorkEnergy Mass Free fall ProjectileAreaVelocitySpeedDistanceTime Kinetic energy Acceleration due to gravity Potential energy Law of Conservation of energy Gravitational potential energy Mechanical energy Elastic Potential Energy InertiaMomentum Law of Conservation of Momentum

117. Abstract 1 st Paragraph – Purpose and some vital introductory information 2 nd Paragraph- Hypothesis,Materials and Experimental Procedures 3 rd Paragraph- Variables, Explanation of how data is measured, Explain the data table 4 th Paragraph- Analysis and Conclusion

118. Quiz # 2 1.What is a force? 2.What is the unit of force? 3.What is Newton’s 1 st law of Motion? 4.What is Newton’s 2 nd law of Motion? 5.What is the speed of the passenger inside the moving car? 6. What is the purpose of the seatbelt to the passenger when the car suddenly stops? 7. What is the difference of mass and weight? 8. What is the equation of force according to the 2 nd law of Newton? 9. What is the equation to calculate weight? 10. What is the numerical value of g or gravitational acceleration ?

119. Part 2: Calculate the total force or Fnet. F1=10N F2= 20N F3 = 30 N F1= 20 N F2 = 10 N

120. Part 3: Problem Solving 1. What is the net force on a 500 kg elevator car accelerating at 200 m/sec? 2. What net force is needed to accelerate a 55 kg cart at 15 m/s2?

121. Definitions Identify the words 1.Instrument used to measure angles 2.Two equal opposite forces 3.North, East, South, West 4.Change of speed 5.Change of direction 6.An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will move in its constant motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force 7.Unit of force 8.A push or a pull

122. 9. Force directed to the left or right 10. Increase in speed 11. Decrease in speed 12. 9.8 m/s 2 13. Opposing force which depends on the weight and the type of surface 14. Wind opposing fall 15. Something thrown 16. Curved motion 17. Path of the projectile 18. Total amount of forces acting on an object 19. Mass X acceleration 20. Force that changes the object’s motion.

123. Objectives: Describe the space Program Differentiate the roles of space shuttle and space stations. Identify features of space probes. Describe the condition of space compared to earth Identify the benefits of the space program Identify the uses of satellites orbiting the earth

124. June 9-13, 2008 June 9-13, 2008 Monday: Roller Coaster Projects: Model Model Technical paper Technical paper Display Display Rocket Science p 507 Rocket Science p 507 Tuesday: Sec 2 Assessment p 514, p 519 Wednesday: Sec 2 Assessment p 524 Wednesday: Sec 2 Assessment p 524 Notes Big Idea p 528 Notes Big Idea p 528 Thursday: Review and Assessment p 529 Standards Practice p 531 Standards Practice p 531 Friday: Communication Satellites p 527