2. Teaching Grammar

3. What is grammar? Grammar – the rules by which words change their form and are combined into sentences: English grammar/ Check your spelling and grammar LONGMAN Active Study Dictionary Grammar in general Grammar is the way words are put together to make correct sentences

4. Grammatical Structures A specific instance of grammar is usually called a “structure”: 1. The past tense/ - ed helped / 2. Noun plurals / a book-books, man-men / 3. The comparison of adjectives/ long- longer-the longest / 4. The progressive/ she is going /

5. Why it is difficult to use form TO BE I You You We We They They He He She She It Was Were Been It Was Were Been

6. Examples I am a student I was a student You are students You were students We are students We were students They are students They were students He is a student He was a student She is a student She was a student It is a cat It was a cat

8. Grammatical terms The sentence is a set of words More and more people are moving from villages to towns and cities More and more people are moving from villages to towns and cities

9. The clause is a kind of mini- sentence she left because it was late and she was tired. ( or only she was tired) she left because it was late and she was tired. ( or only she was tired)

10. The phrase is shorter unit within the clause a long table a long table was going was going

11. the word is the minimum normally separate form that has a particular meaning the word is the minimum normally separate form that has a particular meaning learner learner

12. The morpheme is a bit of a word which can be perceived as distinct component pass -ed (two morphemes) pass -ed (two morphemes) book (a single morpheme) book (a single morpheme)

13. Present and explaining grammar classroom or pear-teaching classroom or pear-teaching

14. Stage 1 : Presentation Stage 1 : Presentation present and explain a grammatical present and explain a grammatical structure to a class /5 minutes/

15. Stage 2 (optimal) use some ways use some ways

16. Stage 3: (Feedback) ask a colleague or student to tell afterwards how clear they thought your presentation was. ask a colleague or student to tell afterwards how clear they thought your presentation was.

17. Stage 4 write a set of guidelines for presentation and explaining grammar. write a set of guidelines for presentation and explaining grammar.

18. Stage 5 compare what you have written compare what you have written

19. Stage 6 Do stage 1 again, using another structure Do stage 1 again, using another structure

20. Guidelines on presenting and explaining a new grammatical structure. Oral and written forms Oral and written forms Form and meaning Form and meaning Examples Examples Visual materials Visual materials Mare structures from the use of technology Mare structures from the use of technology Situation and judgement Situation and judgement The right balance between accuracy and simplicity The right balance between accuracy and simplicity Using inductive method/deductive method Using inductive method/deductive method

21. Grammatical mistakes

22. Terminology Mistakes-occasional inconsistent slips, something sounds or looks wrong or simply ‘jar’ - produce a slight of discomfort in the reader or heaver. Mistakes-occasional inconsistent slips, something sounds or looks wrong or simply ‘jar’ - produce a slight of discomfort in the reader or heaver. Errors - consistent and based on a mis-learned generalization. Errors - consistent and based on a mis-learned generalization.

23. Learned errors Stage 1: Gathering samples Stage 1: Gathering samples Stage 2: Classifying Stage 2: Classifying Stage 3: Ordering Stage 3: Ordering Stage 4: Reordering Stage 4: Reordering

24. General Materials From How to use English /Jevemy Harmer How to use English /Jevemy Harmer