1. Department of Human Anatomy
The State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae Testemitanu” Republic of Moldova
Department of Human Anatomy
The Urinary System
Lecturer Globa Lilian

2. Uro-genital Apparatus
Urinary System
for secretion and discharge of the urine
Genital System
concerned with process of reproduction
Have common sources and ways of the development, topographic sites, blood and nerve supply

3. Overview of the Urinary System
4 components

4. Functions
Controlling the water and electrolyte balance, maintain the acid-base balance
Regulates blood concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium
Regulates blood volume and blood pressure
Production of urine- waste products (urea and uric acid)
Reabsorb important nutrients from urine
Endocrine (rennin, angiotensin, erythropoietin)

5. Anatomy 1. Kidney Each kidney is about: Length 11.25 cm
Breadth cm
Width cm
The weight:
Male g
Female g

6. Anatomy
2. Ureter
* Connects
kidney to
urinary
bladder

7. Anatomy
3. Urinary
bladder
* Stores
urine

8. Anatomy
4. Urethra
* Drains
urine from
bladder

11. Coverings of the Kidneys
The kidneys have the following coverings:
Fibrous capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia with anterior and posterior layers
Pararenal fat

12. Fixation of the Kidneys
The elements that held kidneys in position:
Peri- and para renal fat
Renal fascia with anterior and posterior layers
Vascular pedicle
Intrabdominal pressure

13. Anatomy of the Kidney
Outer cortex
Inner medulla

14. Medulla Medulla divided into pyramids and columa renalis
One pyramid with corresponding cortex form
renal lobe

15. into pars convoluta and pars radiata
Cortex
Cortex divided
into pars convoluta and pars radiata

16. Calyx
One minor
calyx per
pyramid

17. Minor Calyx

18. Major Calyx Fusion of several minor calyces Usually 2-3 major calyces
per kidney

19. Fornical Apparatus

20. Renal Pelvis
Fusion of
major calyces
Opening to the
ureter

21. Human Kidney

23. Urogram

27. The Nephron
Basic structural and functional unit of kidney

29. The Nephron Filtration of blood Production of urine
1,25 million per kidney
85 miles of tubes per kidney

30. Components of Nephron Renal corpuscle: Proximal convoluted tubule
Glomerulus – a net-work of convoluted capillaries
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule – a hollow chamber surrounding the glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle (descending and ascending limbs)
Distal convoluted tubule

31. The Nephron

32. The Nephron
Epithelia filter
the urine

33. Glomerulus

34. Glomerulus and Capsule
efferent arteriole
urine
afferent arteriole

35. Proximal Convoluted Tubule

36. Loop of Henle
only part found
in medulla

37. The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
efferent arteriole
urine
afferent arteriole

38. Distal Convoluted Tubule

39. Collecting (Straight) Duct

40. Collecting Duct Not part of nephron
Collects urine from distal convoluted tubules of many nephrons
Opens at tip of pyramid
Urine drains into minor calyx

41. Collecting Duct

43. Important Relations, Right Kidney
Anteriorly:
the suprarenal gland,
the liver,
the descended part of the duodenum,
coils of jejunum,
the right colic flexure.
Posteriorly:
the diaphragm,
the XII-rib,
the psoas, quadratus lumborum, and transversus abdominis muscles (the renal lodge)
the costodiaphragmal recess of pleura,
the subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

44. Important Relations, Left Kidney
Anteriorly:
the suprarenal gland,
the spleen,
the stomach,
the pancreas,
coils of jejunum,
the left colic flexure.
Posteriorly:
the diaphragm,
the XI-XII rib,
the psoas, quadratus lumborum, and transversus abdominis muscles (the renal lodge)
the costodiaphragmal recess of pleura,
the subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

45. Anterior Relation of both Kidneys
1 – area hepatica;
2 – area colica;
3 – area jejunalis;
4 – area duodenalis;
5 – glandulae suprarenales;
6 – aa. renales;
7 – vv. renales;
8 – area gastrica;
9– area lienalis;
10 – area pancreatica;
11– area colica.

47. Ureter Drains urine from kidney to urinary bladder Length 25-30 cm
Four parts:
1. Abdominal
2. Pelvic
3. Intramural
4. Intravesical

48. Ureter Three constrictions: 1. Ureteropelvic 2. Iliac
3. Ureterovesical

49. Urinary Bladder Surfaces: ureter opens into posterior wall of bladder
*Posterior (fundus or base)
*Anterior (contacts with pubic symphysis and retropubic space of Retzius )
*Superior (covered by peritoneum)
Apex continues with median umbilical ligament
Neck contains internal urethral sphincter
ureter opens
into posterior
wall of
bladder

51. External urethral
Sphincter
Internal urethral
Sphincter

52. Urinary Bladder -- Male

53. Urinary Bladder -- Female

54. Development of the kidney
Three sets of structures appear during the development of the urinary system:
Pronephros
Mesonephros (Mǖllerian Duct)
Metanephros (responsible for permanent kidney)
arise from two sources:
Ureteric Bud
Ureter
Pelvis
Major Calyces
Minor Calyces
Collecting Tubules
Metanephrogenic Cup
Glomerular capsule (covers a cluster of capillaries - Glomerulus )
Proximal
Loops of Henle
Distal convoluted tubules

55. Abnormalities

61. VĂ MULȚUMESC PENTRU ATENȚIE!