2. Laboratory Techniques

3. used to diagnose and treat many animal health problems

4. Laboratory Techniques performed in veterinary hospitals, zoos, research facilities, and commercial labs

5. Laboratory Techniques In most cases, it is the vet tech that is responsible for collecting samples and performing the tests.

6. Laboratory Techniques The vet tech must: have a good understanding of proper collection techniques and specimen handling

7. Laboratory Techniques The vet tech must: have a good understanding of use complex equipment

8. Laboratory Techniques The vet tech must: be able to accurately perform the tests since the veterinarian will base treatment on the results

9. Laboratory Techniques -hematology -urinalysis -susceptibility testing -the circulatory and excretory systems

10. The Urinary System consists of: -the kidneys -the ureters -the urinary bladder -the urethra

11. The Urinary System function: -to extract and remove waste from the blood

12. Urinary System Urethra Ureter Bladder Kidney

13. Urinary System Kidney Ureter Urethra Bladder

14. The Urinary System The Kidneys -paired organs located on both sides of the spinal column and are bean-shaped in most species of animal (cattle have several lobes)

15. The Urinary System The Kidneys -responsible for extracting and collecting waste

16. The Urinary System The Kidneys consist of: -cortex -medulla -renal pelvis

17. The Kidney Renal artery Ureter Cortex Medulla Renal pelvis Renal capsule

18. The Urinary System The Kidneys nephrons are directly responsible for the filtering and collection of wastes from the blood ( found throughout the cortex and medulla)

19. The Nephron Arterioles GlomerulusBowman’s capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Collecting duct

20. The Urinary System The Kidneys Collecting ducts run through the medulla and drain into the renal pelvis.

21. The Urinary System Urine then passes into the ureters and proceeds to the bladder.

22. The Urinary System -The ureters are smooth muscled tubes that extend from each kidney. -They use peristalsis to move urine to the bladder.

23. The Urinary System Urine is pushed into the bladder every 10 to 30 seconds depending on the species. It flows in spurts rather than continuously.

24. The Urinary System The Bladder -consists of smooth muscle -extremely elastic sac that is capable of holding large volumes of urine

25. The Urinary System The Bladder -has three openings: -twothat receive urine from the ureters -one used to excrete urine to the urethra

26. The Urinary System The Urethra -carries urine from the bladder to the exterior

27. The Urinary System The Urethra -varies in length and circumference in males and females

28. The Urinary System The Urethra -The female urethra is shorter in length and runs directly from the bladder to the exterior.

29. The Urinary System The Urethra -Males have a narrower urethra that is longer to extend through the accessory sex glands and exit through the penis.

30. The Urinary System The Urethra -Males have a narrower urethra that is longer to extend through the accessory sex glands and exit through the penis.

31. The Urinary System 3 Phases of Urine Production: 1.Filtration 2.Reabsorption 3.Secretion

32. The Urinary System 3 Phases of Urine Production: occur in the nephrons

33. The Urinary System 3 Phases of Urine Production: 1. Filtration blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole

34. The Urinary System 3 Phases of Urine Production: 1. Filtration under various pressures, water, salt, and small molecules move out of the glomerulus and into Bowman’s capsule

35. The Urinary System 3 Phases of Urine Production: 2. Reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle

36. The Urinary System 3 Phases of Urine Production: 2. Reabsorption substances needed by the body such as water and electrolytes will be reabsorbed by the body from the loop of Henle

37. The Urinary System 3 Phases of Urine Production: 3. Secretion substances are secreted into the collecting tubules and transported to the renal pelvis