1. The Renal System 2 Kidneys 2 Ureters - transports urine
- Produces urine
2 Ureters
- transports urine
1 Urinary bladder
- stores urine
1 Urethra
- conducts urine
to outside

3. 3 Layers Surrounding the Kidney
Renal Capsule
- inner layer lines renal sinus
Adipose Capsule
- fat padding around kidney
Renal Fascia
- outermost layer

4. Transverse Section

6. Outer renal cortex
Inner renal medulla
Central renal
pyramid
Renal papilla
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter

7. Calyx – ‘cup’
Pelvis = basin
Calyx - singular
Calicies - plural

8. There are 6-18 renal pyramids in a kidney:
- The renal papillae project into renal sinus.
Renal lobe
- Contains renal pyramid, overlying cortex, adjacent renal column.
Collection of Urine
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal Pelvis (continuous with ureter)

9. Renal Blood Supply

10. Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery
Afferent arteriole
Veins carry same names

13. The Nephron

14. The Nephron has 2 parts: 1. Renal Corpuscle Glomerulus Bowman’s Space
Bowman’s Capsule
2. Renal Tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle (nephron loop)
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

15. ~85% Cortical Nephrons 15% Juxtamedullary Short loop of Henle.
Efferent arteriole
becomes peritubular
capillaries.
15% Juxtamedullary
Closer to medulla.
Loop of Henle deeper.
Efferent arteriole
becomes vasa recta.

18. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Macula Densa – specialized portion of DCT.
Sits in between afferent and efferent arteriole
– for communication regarding renal function.
Juxtaglomerular (JG) Cells – specialized
cells, mostly surrounding afferent arteriole.
For changing diameter of afferent arteriole.

19. Glomerulus – Fenestrated Capillary bed
Blood arrives at afferent arteriole.
Filtrate “filtered” at Glomerulus.
Blood departs via efferent arteriole.
Blood goes into a) Peritubular or
b) Vasa recta capillaries
Blood exits via renal venule, vien.

20. The Nephron

21. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Actively reabsorbs
Nutrients (glucose, amino acids)
Ions
Small Plasma proteins
Lined with simple cuboidal epi
With microvilli (brush border)
Large surface area

22. Distal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Descending limb
Ascending limb
Thin segment is simple squamous epi.
Thick segment is simple cuboidal epi (no nicrovilli)
For Water balance
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Actively secretes ions and other materials
Lined with simple cuboidal epi.

23. Collecting Duct
Lined with simple cuboidal epi.
Changes to simple columnar epithelium deeper in the medulla.

24. Bladder is lined with . . .
Transitional epithelium