1. The Big Bang

2. Our Galaxy: The Milky Way

3. Other Galaxies

4. Our Solar System

5. Earth

6. Plate Tectonics

7. The 1 st 4 Million Years 1859 Charles Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species. Australopithecines & modern humans are hominids, & members of the primate family.

8. Australopithecus Africanus

9. The 1 st 4 Million Years 3 distinguishing characteristics: Bi-pedalism Very large brain Lower position of larynx

10. The 1 st 4 Million Years Homo Habilis: Evolved 2-3 million years ago with brain 50% larger Seeds, grass, leaves, fruits, berries, low protein Extinct by 1 million years

11. Homo Habilis

12. The 1 st 4 Million Years Homo Erectus: 1.8 million years ago Resembled modern man from the neck down Brain 1/3 larger More protein - Social

13. Homo Erectus

14. The 1 st 4 Million Years Homo Sapiens: 400,000 to 100,000 years ago. Brain size increased by another 1/3 Greater speech capacity, expanded diet

15. Migration out of Africa

16. The 1 st 4 Million Years Stone Age (2MM – 4K) Paleolithic (Old) to 10K Neolithic (New) to now

17. The 1 st 4 Million Years Paleolithic (Old Stone Age): Stone tools Scavenging/Foraging Much later hunting Fire - not used for food.

18. Example of Paleolithic Art

19. The 1 st 4 Million Years 2 – parent family Women gathered, cooked, reared the children while the men hunted. Lived in small groups migrating to “chase” their food.

20. The 1 st 4 Million Years 3-5 hours daily for food, shelter and clothing. Time spent gathering, organizing, and passing on information, art, & religion.

21. Agricultural Revolution Neolithic (New Stone Age) Caused by changes in climate 1 st stage: semicultivation, followed by cultivation. Transitions occurred independently in various place of the world.

22. Catal Hüyük

23. Agricultural Revolution Domestication of plants & animals occurred independently around the globe. Exceptions were the Americas, Central Asia & Africa.

24. Agricultural Revolution Global Warming in the Holocene period (beginning 9,000 B.C.E. ) created environmental changes that reduced game & wild plant supplies.

25. Life in Neolithic Communities Advantages of food production-stored extra, sustained health. Society organized in kinship groups.

26. Cultural Expressions Worshiped ancestral and nature spirits. Used the megaliths Spread of language groups

27. Early Towns & Specialists Geographically favored. Villages grew to towns & centers of trade Metal works in the late Neolithic era, gold & silver Support for non-farmers.