1. The Human Body Plan``````````````````` How to Build and Maintain Your Own

2. I. Organizational Hierarchy A. cell – basic unit of structure and function

3. I. Organizational Hierarchy B. tissue – group of similar cells that perform the same basic function.

4. I. Organizational Hierarchy C. organ – tissues that work together to carry out a specific function.

5. I. Organizational Hierarchy D. organ system – group of organs that work together to achieve a common goal.

6. I. Organizational Hierarchy E. organism – sum of all organ systems

7. II. Body Tissues Four Types: 1.Muscle 2.Nervous 3.Epithelial 4.Connective

8. II. Body Tissues A. Muscle 1. responsible for movement 2. cells contract 3. 3 types a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth

9. II. Body Tissues B. Nervous 1. receive and transmit messages via electrical impulses 2. specialized cells – neurons

10. II. Body Tissues C. Epithelial 1. layers of cells covering all internal and external body surfaces 2. form protective barriers

11. II. Body Tissues D. Connective 1. all other tissues a. bone b. cartilage

12. II. Body Tissues - Connective c. Tendon – connects muscle to bone d. Ligament – connects bone to bone

13. II. Body Tissues - Connective d. fat

14. II. Body Tissues - Connective e. blood f. lymph

15. II. Body Tissues – Connective 2. embedded in intercellular substance called matrix, can be: a. solid b. semisolid c. liquid

16. III. Organs Organs are 2 or more tissues working together on the same task. Ex. Heart

17. IV. Organ Systems – REDMENCRIIS 1. Respiratory – gas exchange 2. Excretory – removal of metabolic wastes 3. Digestive – intake and absorption of nutrients 4. Muscular - movement 5. Endocrine – communication via chemical messages (hormones) 6. Nervous – communication via electrical impulses 7. Circulatory – distribution of nutrients and wastes 8. Reproductive – self-explanatory 9. Immune – protection against infection/disease 10. Integumentary – physical barrier, regulation of body temperature 11. Skeletal – support, protection of internal organs

18. V. Body Cavities protect organs, allow them to expand & contract with support. 1. Cranial – encases brain 2. Spinal – surrounds spinal cord

19. IV. Body Cavities 4. Thoracic – contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchii 5. Abdominal a. contains organs of digestive, reproductive, & excretory systems b. separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm (3), a wall of muscle.